A100 Glossary/IndexRyan, Paul, 262, 296, 394, 398, 402,
448salience, 368 The level of familiarity
with an interest group’s goals in the
general population.Sallie Mae, 340, 345, 351, 359
same-sex marriage, 90, 158, 182, 185,
1 8 7, 49 9
political conflicts on, 10, 15, 20
public opinion on, 204, 205
religious opposition to, 111,
116, 117
Supreme Court ruling on, 10, 75, 76,
499, 591sample, 211 Within a population, the
group of people surveyed in order
to gauge the whole population’s
opinion. Researchers use samples
because it would be impossible to
interview the entire population.
random, 212, 214, 215
size of, 212, 213, 214sampling error, 212, 213, 214 The
predicted difference between
the average opinion expressed
by survey respondents and the
average opinion in the population,
sometimes called the margin of
e r ror. Increasing the number of
respondents lowers the sampling
error.sanctuary cities, 70, 72, 75, 77, 82, 89,
98
Sanders, Bernie
economic policies of, 532, 535, 601
on health insurance, 314
as presidential candidate (2016),
262, 263, 278, 300, 300, 314
Sanders, Sarah Huckabee, 257
Sandford, Dred Scott v., 78, 79, 79–80,
109, 152, 493
Sandy Hook Elementary School, 131,
250, 251
Sasse, Ben, 530
Saturday Night Live, 236
Saudi Arabia, 245, 625
Scalia, Antonin, 133–34, 182, 494, 503,
506, 512, 516, 518, 519
Schattschneider, E. E., 10
Scheindlin, Shira A., 148Schenck, Charles, 118
Schenck v. United States, 118
Schickler, Eric, 204, 274
Schilb v. Kuebel, 113
schools. See education
Schumer, Charles (Chuck), 265, 301,
394, 543
Schumpeter, Joseph A., 454
Scotland, 74
Scott, Dred, 78, 79, 79–80, 109
Scott, Rick, 102
Scott, Tim, 163
Scott, Walter, 163, 164
Scott v. Sandford, 78, 79, 79–80, 109,
152, 493
search and seizure, 106, 107, 132–36
strip searches in, 133
warrants in, 132–34
Sebelius, Kathleen, 413
Sebelius, National Federation of
Independent Business v., 91
Second Amendment, 108, 113, 130 –31
securities
and Federal Reserve System, 545,
546, 559
mortgage-backed, 549, 550
and open market operations, 559
Securities and Exchange Commission,
535
segregation, racial, 80, 97, 153–54, 158,
167–70
bus boycott concerning, 167, 168
busing of students in, 88, 173, 174 , 521
de jure and de facto, 173
in interstate travel, 169
Jim Crow laws on, 80, 81, 153– 54 , 158
of public schools, 88, 154, 167, 170,
172–73, 520, 521
of restaurants, 61, 80, 167–68
separate but equal doctrine in,
153–54, 172–73, 267, 468
Supreme Court on, 153, 154, 167, 168,
172–73, 520, 521select committees, 402 Committees
in the House or Senate created to
address a specific issue for one or
two terms.selective incentives, 353 Benefits that
can motivate participation in a
group effort because they are avail-
able only to those who participate,
such as member services offered by
interest groups.selective incorporation, 112, 113 The
process through which most of the
civil liberties granted in the Bill of
Rights were applied to the states on
a case-by-case basis through the
Fourteenth Amendment.self-defense, right to bear arms in, 131
self-incrimination, 88, 132, 137semi-closed primary, 279 , 299 A primary
in which anyone who is a registered
member of the party or registered as
an Independent can vote.Seminole Tribe v. Florida, 91
Senate
advice and consent role of, 55, 64,
413, 500, 502, 505
Affordable Care Act in, 572, 574
in budget process, 540, 542, 543
committee system in, 402–3
compared to House, 377, 381
confirmation of presidential
appointments by, 426, 502–3, 505,
524
constituency of, 381
Constitutional Convention compro-
mise on, 42
descriptive representation in, 378,
379
districts represented in, 381
economic policy role of, 540, 549
election to. See congressional
campaigns and elections
filibusters in, 411–12, 610
foreign policy role of, 630
ideological polarization in, 400
in impeachment process, 446
legislative process in, 404–12
party structure in, 397, 398
party unity in, 399
party votes in, 399, 400
president of, 398, 426, 439
shared powers of, 55
term in, 377, 383, 410
treaties approved by, 429
women in, 19, 384–85, 3 8 7, 502senatorial courtesy, 503 A norm in the
nomination of district court judges
in which the president consults
with his or her party’s senators from
the relevant state in choosing the
nominee.Full_23_APT_64431_GLO_IND_A61-A114.indd 100 19/11/18 3:15 PM