Jewel__A_Celebration_of_Earth_s_Treasures

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First published in Great Britain in 2016 by Dorling Kindersley Limited 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL Copyright © 2016 Dorling Kinde ...

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GEMSTONES Pyrite Sphalerite Stuart Sapphire Sapphire Danish ruby parure Ruby Timur Ruby Spinel Catherine the Great's spinel Chr ...

Foreword by Judith Miller T he lure of precious stones and gems is universal – it is common to every age and every culture. From ...

“Now, more than ever, jewels can have a unique, personal significance for us all” a time, the economy of Whitby in North Yorkshi ...

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012 INTRODUCTION Treasures of the Earth Three rock types Components of the Earth There are three major classes of rock: igneous, ...

TREASURES OF THE EARTH 013 Created through organic processes, organic gems are not commonly crystalline. Jet is a form of coal, ...

014 INTRODUCTION What is a mineral? Minerals are the substances that make up the Earth’s rocks. Each one has its own unique chem ...

WHAT IS A MINERAL? 015 All silicates consist of silicon and oxygen atoms, structured as a central silicon atom with oxygen atoms ...

016 INTRODUCTION When the need arises to identify or value a gem, it is sent to a professional gemologist who is certified by a ...

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 017 Streak is the colour of the powdered mineral, determined by rubbing a piece of the mineral across a piec ...

018 INTRODUCTION Crystal systems and habits A crystal is a solid in which the component atoms are arranged in a particular, repe ...