aboUt the aUthors
Karen A. Mingst is Professor Emeritus at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and
International Commerce at the University of Kentucky. She holds a Ph.D. in po liti cal
science from the University of Wisconsin. A specialist in international organ ization,
international law, and international po liti cal economy, Professor Mingst has conducted
research in Western Eu rope, West Africa, and Yugo slavia. She is the author or editor
of seven books and numerous academic articles.
Ivan M. Arreguín- Toft is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Boston
University, where he teaches introductory international relations, among other courses.
He holds a Ph.D. in po liti cal science from the University of Chicago. Professor Arreguín-
Toft is a specialist in security studies, asymmetric conflict, and cyber warfare. He is
most recently the recipient of a U.S. Fulbright grant to Norway.
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