Index A55imperialism and, 31
in nineteenth century, 35
oil sanctions and, 158
total wars and, 266
Westphalian system and, 25
World War II and, 42
New Development Bank, 356
New International Economic Order
(NIEO), 48, 122, 219
New Zealand, 403, 406
NGO Coordination Board, 250
Ngo Dinh Diem, 52
NGOs (nongovernmental organizations)
about, 5, 246
AIDS epidemic and, 422–23
Arctic Ocean and, 209
constructivist view of, 257
definition of, 163
economic development strategies
and, 342–43
environmental issues and, 414–15
functions and roles of, 247–52
human rights and, 373–75
influence of, 246–47
Kenya and, 250–51
liberal view of, 116, 118
limits of, 253–54
organizational politics and, 165
power of, 246–47, 252–53
radical view of, 255–57
realist view of, 254–55
system change and, 118
transnational movements and,
172 –73
WTO and, 357
Nguyen Van Thieu, 52
Nicaragua, 55–56, 242, 316–17, 353–55
Nicolas II (Russia), 194
Nicolson, Harold, 151
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 271
NIEO (New International Economic
Order), 48, 122, 219
Niger, UN operations in, 216, 386
Nigeria
Cameroon and, 243
civil war and, 265extremist Islamic fundamentalism
a nd, 172
GDP of, 122
human rights and, 386
terrorism and, 289, 290, 360–61
transnational crime and, 176, 252
Nixon, Richard, 79, 185, 192, 426
Nobel Peace Prize
Aung San Suu Kyi, 198
Jimmy Carter, 199
Jody Williams, 253
Kofi Annan, 218
Malala Yousafzai, 198
Muhammad Yunus, 343
Norman Angell, 332
Wangari Maathai, 250–51
“no-fly” zones, 80
noncombatant immunity, 292
Non-Governmental Organizations
Coordination Act (1990), 250
noninterference, principle of, 24
non-refoulement, 389
nonviolent resistance, 283
Nordic Council, 231
normative element in political life, 10
norms
constructivist view of, 93–95, 124
crimes against humanity, 93
in international law, 240
polarity systems and, 114
North (in global economy)
definition of, 119
developed countries in, 219
responding to climate change, 404
North America, 146, 252
North Korea
bipolarity and, 110, 111
China and, 127
Cold War and, 48, 51–52
communism and, 49, 51
cyber crime and, 429
foreign policy elites and, 180–81,
188
Korean War and, 269
nuclear weapons and, 52, 115, 199,
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