ENDNOTES AND ADDITIONAL SOURCES 261J. Robinson, 1745; Christopher Leslie Brown,
Moral Capital: Foundations of British
Abolitionism (Chapel Hill, NC: University of
North Carolina Press, 2006).
WAR AND DISCORD IN THE SOUTHEAST
Additional sources: Donald Meinig, Atlantic
America, 1492–1800, vol. 1 of The Shaping of
America (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 1986); Mark E. Smith (ed.), Stono:
Documenting and Interpreting a Southern Slave
Revolt (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North
Carolina Press, 2005).
IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY
p.79 “extreamly Revengeful the Indians naturally
are”: Cadwallader Colden, The History of the
Five Indian Nations depending on the Province of
New-York in America (New York: Printed and
sold by William Bradford in New-York, 1727),
p. 16.
Additional sources: John Dixon, The
Enlightenment of Cadwallader Colden (Ithaca,
NY: Cornell University Press, 2016).
TOBACCO AND VIRGINIA
p.80 “a river at his door” from “A Compendious
Account of the British Colonies in
North-America,” in The Theatre of War in North
America, quoted in Margaret Beck Pritchard
and Henry G. Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude:
Mapping Colonial America (Colonial
Williamsburg Foundation and Harry N.
Abrams, 2002), p. 157.
Additional sources: Donald Meinig, Atlantic
America, 1492–1800, vol. 1 of The Shaping of
America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,
1986); Peter H. Wood, “Slave Labor Camps in
Early America: Overcoming Denial and
Discovering the Gulag,” in Carla Gardina
Pestana and Sharon V. Salinger (eds.),
Reencounters with Colonialism: New Perspectives
on the Americas (Lebanon, NH: University
Press of New England, 1999).
A YOUNG GEORGE WASHINGTON
MAPS THE CLASH OF EMPIRES
p.84 “The Lands upon the River Ohio”:
Letter of Dinwiddie to French Commander
reproduced in Journal of Major George
Washington, Sent by the Hon. R. Dinwiddie
(Williamsburg printed, London reprinted,
1754), p. 25.
p.84 “no Englishman had a Right”: Ibid.,p. 22.
p.84 “absolute Command of both Rivers”: Ibid.,
p. 6.
Additional sources: Jared Sparks, The Writings
of George Washington, vol. 1 (Boston: American
Stationers’ Company, 1837).
THE PRESENT CONJUNCTURE OF AFFAIRS
IN AMERICA
p.86 “The English have several Ways to Ohio”:
Lewis Evans, Geographical, Historical, Political..
. Essays: The First, containing an Analysis of a
General Map of the Middle British Colonies in
America.. ., 2nd ed. (Philadelphia: Printed by
B. Franklin and D. Hall, 1755), p. iii.
p.87 “whatever is theirs, is expressly acceded
to the English”: Ibid., p. iv.
p.87 “French power”: Ibid., p.32.
Additional sources: Henry Stevens, Lewis
Evans His Map of the Middle British Colonies
in America, 2nd ed. (London: Henry Stevens,
Son & Stiles, 1905).
SPANISH GEOGRAPHICAL INTELLIGENCE
IN THE SOUTHWEST
Additional sources: John L. Kessell, Miera y
Pacheco: A Renaissance Spaniard in Eighteenth-
Century New Mexico (Norman, OK: University
of Oklahoma Press, 2015); Herbert Bolton,
Pageant in the Wilderness: The Story of the
Escalante Expedition to the Interior Basin, 1776
(Salt Lake City, UT: Utah State Historical
Society, 1950).
THE SHOT HEARD ROUND THE
WORLD
Additional sources: Richard Brown and Paul
E. Cohen, Revolution: Mapping the Road to
American Independence, 1755–1783 (New York:
W. W. Norton, 2015) Elizabeth Fenn, Pox
Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of
1775–82 (New York: Hill & Wang, 2002).
WHERE THE BRITISH LAID DOWN
THEIR ARMS
Additional sources: Robert Middlekauff,
Washington’s Revolution: The Making of
America’s First Leader (New York: Vintage
Books, 2015); Charles E. Hatch, Jr.,
“Gloucester Point in the Siege of Yorktown,
1781,” William and Mary Quarterly 20: 2
(1940), 265–84; Richard Brown and Paul E.
Cohen, Revolution: Mapping the Road to
American Independence, 1755–1783 (New York:
W. W. Norton, 2015).
INDEPENDENCE
p.97 “the most important map in American
history”: in Lawrence Martin, “John Mitchell,”
Dictionary of American Biography, Dumas
Malone, (ed.), vol. 13 (New York: C.
Scribner’s Sons, 1934), p. 50.
Additional sources: Susan Schulten,
“Mapping American History,” in James
Akerman and Robert Karrow (eds.), Maps:
Finding Our Place in the World (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2007); Matthew
H. Edney, “The Mitchell Map, 1755–1782:
An Irony of Empire,” http://oshermaps.org/
special-map-exhibits/mitchell-map
(accessed February 20, 2018); Lawrence
Martin, “John Mitchell’s Map of the British
and French Dominions in North America,” in
Walter W. Ristow and Richard W. Stephenson
(eds.), A la Carte: Selected Papers on Maps and
Atlases (Washington, DC: Library of Congress,
1972).4. 1783–1835: A Nation Realized
NATIONAL ASPIRATIONS
p.100 “tyranny of Britain”: Jedidiah Morse,
Geography Made Easy (New-Haven: Printed
by Meigs, Bowen & Dana, 1784), p. 24.
Additional sources: Library of Congress,
“Mapping a New Nation: Abel Buell’s Map
of the United States, 1784” (exhibition,
2013–16), https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/
mapping-a-new-nation (accessed February
20, 2018); Paul E. Cohen, “Abel Buell, of
Connecticut, Prints America’s First Map of
the United States, 1784,” New England
Quarterly 86: 3 (2013), 357–97; Lawrence C.
Wroth, Abel Buell of Connecticut: Silversmith,
Type Founder and Engraver (Middletown, CT:
Wesleyan University Press, 1958).
AN INVITATION TO SETTLEMENT
p.102 “the most extraordinary country”: John
Filson, The Discovery, Settlement, and Present
State of Kentucke (Wilmington, DE: Printed
by James Adams, 1784), p. 21.
Additional sources: John Walton, John Filson
of Kentucke (Lexington, KY: University of
Kentucky Press, 1956); P. Lee Phillips, The
First Map of Kentucky by John Filson: ABibliographical Account (Washington, DC:
W. H. Lowdermilk & Co., 1908).
THE CURRENTS OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD
Additional sources: Benjamin Franklin to
Anthony Todd, October 29, 1768, in The
Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 15 (New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1972),
pp. 246–8; W. G. de Brahm, “Hydrographical
Map of the Atlantic Ocean, extending from
the Southernmost Part of North America to
Europe,” in The Atlantic Pilot (London, 1772);
“A Letter from Dr. Benjamin Franklin, to
Mr. Alphonsus le Roy ...,” Transactions of
the American Philosophical Society 2 (1786),
294–329; Louis De Vorsey, “Pioneer
Charting of the Gulf Stream: The
Contributions of Benjamin Franklin and
William Gerard de Brahm,” Imago Mundi
28 (1976), 105–20.
ENGINEERING THE NATION’S CAPITAL
Additional sources: Richard W. Stephenson,
“A Plan Whol[l]y New”: Pierre Charles L’Enfant’s
Plan of the City of Washington (Washington,
DC: Library of Congress, 1993); Iris Miller,
Washington in Maps, 1606–2000 (New York:
Rizzoli, 2002).
FORGING A NATIONAL NETWORK
Additional sources: John Calhoun, Speech
of February 4, 1817; Richard John, Spreading
the News: The American Postal System from
Franklin to Morse (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1995); Brian Balogh,
A Government out of Sight: The Mystery of
Authority in Nineteenth-Century America
(Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2009).
BEFORE LEWIS AND CLARK
p.113 “explore the Missouri river”: President
Thomas Jefferson, letter to Meriwether Lewis,
June 20, 1803, Thomas Jefferson Papers,
Series 1: General Correspondence,
1651–1827, Microfilm Reel 028; Manuscript
Division, Library of Congress.
p.113 “the most direct & practicable water”: Ibid.
Additional sources: Carl I. Wheat, Mapping
the Transmississippi West, 1540–1861, vol. 1
(San Francisco: Institute of Historical
Cartography, 1957–63); W. Raymond
Wood, An Atlas of Early Maps of the
American Midwest (Springfield, IL: Illinois
State Museum, 1983).
AFTER LEWIS AND CLARK
Additional sources: Meriwether Lewis,
History of the Expedition under the Command
of Captains Lewis and Clark ... (Philadelphia:
Bradford & Inskeep, 1814); Ralph E.
Ehrenberg and Herman J. Viola, Mapping
the West with Lewis and Clark (Washington,
DC: Levenger Press and the Library of
Congress, 2015); John Logan Allen, Passage
through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the
Image of the American Northwest (Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois Press, 1975).
DEMOCRACY SUBVERTED
Additional sources: Elmer C. Griffith, The
Rise and Development of the Gerrymander
(Chicago: Scott, Foresman & Company,
1907); Kenneth C. Martis, “The Original
Gerrymander,” Political Geography 27 (2008),
833–9; Mark Monmonier, Bushmanders and
Bullwinkles: How Politicians Manipulate
Electronic Maps and Census Data to Win
Elections (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2001).A SCHOOLGIRL MAPS HER
COUNTRY
p.118 “principles of association”: Sarah Pierce,
Address at the Close of School (1818), quoted
in Emily Noyes Vanderpoel, Chronicles of a
Pioneer School from 1792 to 1833, Elizabeth C.
Barney Buel (ed.) (Cambridge, MA:
University Press, 1903), p. 177.
p.118 “Catherine Beecher ... recalled”: Beecher
quoted in Emily Noyes Vanderpoel, More
Chronicles of a Pioneer School from 1792 to
1833 (New York: Cadmus Book Shop, 1927),
p. 179.
Additional sources: Susan Schulten, “Map
Drawing, Graphic Literacy, and Pedagogy
in the Early Republic,” History of Education
Quarterly 57: 2 (2017), 187–220; John
Pinkerton, A Modern Atlas from the First and
Best Authorities (Philadelphia: Thomas
Dobson & Son, 1818).
A LITTLE SHORT OF MADNESS
p.120 “a little short of madness”: David Hosack,
Memoir of DeWitt Clinton (New York:
J. Seymour, 1829), p. 346.
Additional sources: Cadwallader Colden,
Memoir ... at the Celebration of the Completion
of the New York Canals (New York: Printed by
the order of the Corporation of New York,
1825); David Hosack, Memoir of De Witt [sic]
Clinton (New York, 1829); Carter Goodrich,
Government Promotion of American Canals and
Railroads, 1800–1890 (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1960); Donald Meinig,
Continental America, 1800–1967, vol. 2 of T
he Shaping of America (New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1993).
A CONTINENTAL FUTURE
p.122 “Melish explained that his map was a
‘picture’”: John Melish, A Geographical
Description of the United States: With the
Contiguous British and Spanish Possessions,
Intended as an Accompaniment to Melish’s
Map of These Countries (1816), p. 4.
Additional sources: Walter W. Ristow,
A la Carte: Selected Papers on Maps and Atlases
(Washington, DC: Library of Congress,
1972); Martin Bruckner, The Social Life of
Maps in America, 1750–1860 (Chapel Hill,
NC: Omohundro Institute and the
University of North Carolina, 2017).5. 1835–1874: Expansion, Fragmentation, and Reunification
Fragmentation, and ReunificationTHE GEOGRAPHY OF SIN
Additional sources: W. J. Rorabaugh,
The Alcoholic Republic: An American Tradition
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981).
AN ATLAS FOR THE BLIND
Additional sources: Samuel Gridley Howe,
Atlas of the United States Printed for the Use
of the Blind (Boston, New England Institution
for the Education of the Blind, 1837); Letters
and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe, vol. 2,
Laura Elizabeth (ed.) Howe (Boston: Dana
Estes, 1906); Edward J. Waterhouse, History
of the Howe Press of Perkins School for the Blind
(Watertown, MA: Howe Press, 1975).
THE ENEMY WITHIN
p.130 “happiness in their own way”: Andrew
Jackson, “President’s Message,” 21st
Congress, 2nd Session, in Appendix to Gales
& Seaton’s Register, Library of Congress,
pp. ix–x.
Additional sources: Report of the Secretary