Index 305on tourist trips, 94, 244, 255–256; and
vacations, 202–203, 279
Shaffer, Marguerite S., 5
Shalaev (trade union secretary), 179
Shevchenko, A. I. (trade union secretary),
175, 205
Shishkin, E. K. (Bashkir tourism offi cial),
224
Shukshin, Vasilii M. (fi lm director), 198
Siberia, 108, 187, 230
Skorokhod shoe factory (Leningrad), 115,
190, 228, 239
Smetskoi (philanthropist), 16
Smirnov, V. I. (trade union secretary), 278
Smith, Adam, 2
Smith, Mark B., 165
Sochi: architecture in, 167, 168 , 169;
capacity of, 28; climate of, 27; cultural
activities in, 47, 153, 163, 167; expan-
sion of, 187–188; health spa staffi ng,
179; infrastructure in, 28; in nineteenth
century, 16; prestige of, 136, 137, 200;
restaurants in, 43; as sacred space, 167,
169; sanatoria in, 44, 192; social compo-
sition of vacationers in, 33; as spa town,
27–28; tourist base in, 76 , 77, 269, 270 ,
271; unorganized vacationers in, 194.
See also Matsesta baths
Sochi Park Riviera, 152, 167
social insurance fund: and putevki, 29,
189, 190; and tourism, 73, 78, 223, 225
social tourism, 280
Society for Proletarian Tourism (1927–
1930) (OPT): and Arctic, 108; creation
of, 9–10, 55; goals of, 164; and market-
ing, 82; membership in, 55; rivalry with
Sovetskii Turist, 62, 63, 74; as vacation
provider, 9
Society for Proletarian Tourism and Excur-
sions (1930–1936) (OPTE): Bauman
district organization of, 56, 99; cartoons
about, 87 , 93 ; congress of, 80; corrup-
tion in, 78; economic activities of, 69,
70; enterprise cells of, 64, 66, 67, 119;
goals of, 63, 66, 89, 90, 95; and inde-
pendent tourism, 102; itineraries of, 66;
liquidation of, 70; and marketing, 82, 84 ;
member badge of, 69 ; membership in,
65, 67; origins of, 63; and package tours,
67, 104; rules of, 99; social composition
of, 64, 65, 119, 121; structure of, 64, 68,
69, 73; and tourist literature, 104
Society for the Protection of Nature, 276
Somalia, 240
souvenirs: as consumer objects, 263, 265;
in planning, 266–267; and post-Soviet
tourism, 279
Sovetskii Turist (joint-stock company,
1927–1930): accommodations of, 75;
customers of, 61; goals of, 60, 62; itiner-
aries of, 60, 61, 108; and marketing, 82;
as model for Soviet tourism, 127; origin
of, 60; and package tours, 104; and
rivalry with the Society for Proletarian
Tourism, 62–63, 74; river cruises of, 109;
social composition of tourists of, 62
Soviet economy growth rates, 172
Soviet shipping fl eet (Sovtorgfl ot), 82, 83
sports societies, 72, 143, 218
Spufford, Francis, 187 n49
Sputnik (Komsomol travel agency), 241
Stakhanovites, 34, 42
Stalin, Joseph, 27, 167
standard of living, 191, 214
State Committee on Prices, 192 n65
stratifi cation: in Soviet society, 197, 282; in
tourism, 254–255
Strength through Joy (Kraft durch Freude,
KdF) (Germany), 5, 68, 110
students: as tourists, 53, 72, 80, 96, 100,
107, 119, 121, 127, 132, 143, 148–149,
238–239, 252–254
Sukhumi (Abkhaziia), 18, 20 , 116, 174
Sukhumi Military Highway, 61
survey research: on family vacations, 274;
on health spas, 191; on stratifi cation,
197; on tourism, 221; on vacations, 192,
205, 210, 214, 254–255, 277–278
Suzdal', 275–276
Sweden, 115
Swimmer, The (Mocurave; Plovets) (fi lm),
155 n69Tajikistan, 230
Tashkent, 108
teachers: and access to health spas, 32–34;
as tourists, 75, 80, 120, 121, 132, 141,
148, 149, 269
Teberda (Caucasus), 28–29, 51
television: as cultural activity, 183, 184,
250
Textile Workers’ Union sanatorium
(Sochi), 134
Thaw, the: periodization of, 171–172
theater: as cultural activity, 28, 47, 118,
152, 227
Three Plus Two (Tri plius dva) (fi lm),
255 n136