Psychology2016

Motivation and Emotion 389

Test Yourself

Pick the best answer.

1. Eli enjoys woodcarving. Although none of his teenage friends are
   interested, he often spends hours creating several different pieces.
   His enjoyment of the task is all his own, and he rarely shows others
   his work. Many would call his motivation __ in nature.
   a. instinctual
   b. arousal

c. extrinsic

d. intrinsic

2. Jasmine often requires her friends’ approval when she buys new
   outfits. Her need is an example of a(n) __ drive.
   a. primary
   b. acquired (secondary)

c. innate

d. instinctive

3. The approach to motivation that forced psychologists to consider the
   value of homeostasis in motivation was the __ approach.
   a. arousal
   b. drive-reduction

c. instinct

d. incentive

4. Motivational theories such as _____ are physical in
   terms of their needs, while __ is based on psychological
   motives.
   a. drive theory; instinctual theory
   b. biological theory; drive theory
   c. drive theory; McClelland’s need theory
   d. need for power; drive theory


5. Dodi is always looking for new hobbies. He prefers exciting hobbies
   that will get him noticed. In his company, Dodi constantly asks for
   feedback from customers so he can know what he needs to do to
   be the best. Dodi is high in the need for __.
   a. achievement
   b. affiliation

c. power

d. attention

6. An important component to Carol Dweck’s theory of motivation is
   a. one’s view of self.
   b. an understanding of classical conditioning and its impact on
   motivation.
   c. the importance of heredity in biological motivations.
   d. an understanding of emotions.


7. According to the arousal theory, people are typically motivated
   toward __ point of arousal.
   a. the highest
   b. the optimal

c. the easiest

d. the quickest

8. According to Maslow, what is meant by a peak experience?
   a. that point, even for a moment, when someone reaches a state of
   self-actualization
   b. the point at which someone reaches transcendence
   c. the point at which someone begins to work through the hierarchy
   d. the point at which someone must descend back down the
   hierarchy to address a previous need which is no longer secure


9. Jacob believes he is in control of his own destiny. He feels he is
   secure in the friendships he has with others. However, he still feels
   the need to master many of the challenges in his own life and
   career. According to self-determination theory, which stage is Jacob
   still working to complete?
   a. autonomy
   b. competence

c. relatedness

d. affiliation

10. Leptin is a hormone involved in
    a. appetite control.
    b. metabolism control.

c. digestion of fatty foods.

d. neurotransmissions.

11. The structure in the brain that, when damaged, causes rats to eat
    and eat and eat is called the
    a. ventromedial pituitary.
    b. lateral hippocampus.
    c. ventromedial hypothalamus.
    d. lateral hypothalamus.


12. The level of weight the body tries to maintain is called the
    a. basal metabolic rate.
    b. weight set point.

c. basal set point.

d. weight metabolic rate.

13. Studies indicate that women from __ are more
    likely to eat because their body tells them they are hungry.
    a. Hungary
    b. the United States

c. Italy

d. Japan

14. Since Dillon’s family has a history of obesity, he has __
    of becoming obese compared to people without such a family
    history.
    a. the same risk
    b. double or triple the risk

c. five times the risk

d. less risk

15. LeDoux’s work on the physiology involving emotions has focused
    on what part of the brain?
    a. thalamus
    b. hippocampus

c. prefrontal cortex

d. amygdala

16. Research on facial expressions has taught us that facial
    expressions are
    a. inherent to a region and therefore mean different things in
    different countries.
    b. inherent to a culture and therefore mean different things to
    different cultures.
    c. learned.
    d. universal.


17. What is meant by a display rule?
    a. an understanding of when and under what conditions emotions
    and feelings may be displayed within a culture
    b. an understanding of what behaviors can be expressed when
    someone is new to a situation
    c. an understanding of how children are to act in the presence of
    adults
    d. an understanding of how to hide emotions from others


18. What theory of emotion states that the emotion typically occurs
    before arousal and behavior?
    a. the original, or common-sense, theory
    b. Schachter and Singer’s theory
    c. Cannon and Bard’s theory
    d. James and Lange’s theory


19. Which theory of emotion relies heavily on cognition and labeling?
    a. the original, or common-sense, theory
    b. Schachter and Singer’s theory
    c. Cannon and Bard’s theory
    d. James and Lange’s theory


20. The first stage of David Allen’s Getting Things Done (GTD)
    method is _____ anything and everything that has
    your attention.
    a. reviewing
    b. doing

c. capturing

d. organizing