228 Index
expansion of polar powers at end
of wars by periods, 147t; territorial
expansion of polar powers at end
of wars by polarity, 147t; under
unipolar systems, 31–32, 120,
121–122t, 130–131, 147–149t, 154,
156; and wars against Afghanistan,
131–146
Territorial status quo ante bellum,
maintaining, 2, 39–42, 45, 56, 60–61t,
151; and appeasement to Hitler, 94;
and bipolar systems, 5, 8, 32, 65t,
105, 108, 109, 120, 127–128, 146,
149 t, 156; and the Cold War, 8, 128;
definition of, 23; and First Anglo–
Afghan War, 146; and Gulf War,
149 t; and homeostasis principle,
31–32, 36; and hyperpowers, 31–32;
and Iraq War, 108; and Korean War,
149 t; and minor wars in unipolar
systems, 31; and multipolar systems,
5, 33, 109, 120, 123, 154; and Second
Anglo–Afghan War, 146; and Soviet–
Afghan War, 105, 140–141, 146, 149t;
and Soviet invasion of Hungary,
149 t; summary of territorial
expansion of polar powers at the
end of wars, 148t, 155t; territorial
expansion of polar powers at
the end of wars by periods, 147t;
territorial expansion of polar powers
at the end of wars by polarity, 147t;
and unipolar systems, 31, 131;
and U.S.–Korea War, 128–129; and
Vietnam War, 149t
Third Sino-Japanese War (#130), 77,
78 t, 115t
Transhistorical principles, 36–47. See
also Anarchy principle; Homeostasis
principle
Tucker, Robert, 37
Uncertainty principle, 42–43, 45
Unification, 5, 13, 22–23, 30; definition
of, 23; and territorial outcomes in
polar systems, 110–117t, 119–122t
Unipolar systems: causes of war
by periods, 106t; causes of war
by polarity models, 107t, 153t;
combined length of six instances
of polarity models, 68t; definition
of, 14; and exhaustion of resources,
17; and fall of Soviet Union, 17;
and revisionism, 41, 42; stability
under, 80–82, 102–105, 108t, 152;
territorial outcomes under, 31–32,
120, 121–122t, 130–131, 147–149t,
154, 155t, 156. See also United States
invasion of Afghanistan; United
States invasion of Iraq
United Nations, 21, 22, 23, 96, 104, 116t,
117 t, 140
United States invasion of Afghanistan,
6, 52, 55–56, 141–145; and difference
model, 72; and homeostasis
principle, 44, 105; regional
consequences of, 157; systemic
factors and and stability, 80–81; and
territorial outcomes, 31, 122t, 123,
131, 141–146, 149t
United States invasion of Iraq, 6, 55–57;
and homeostasis principle, 44, 105;
regional consequences of, 157; and
stability, 80–81; systemic factors
and stability, 80–81; and territorial
outcomes, 8, 31, 108, 122t, 131, 142,
149 t; and transition to unipolar
system, 52, 55–56Vietnam War, 9; and homeostasis
principle, 44; and stability, 79, 80t,
and territorial outcomes, 8, 32, 56,
121 t, 128, 129–130, 149tWagner, Harrison, 17
Waltz, Kenneth: on anarchy, 37, 40;
on aspiration to maximize security,
9, 40, 58; comparison of theories,
60–62t, 108t; definition of anarchy,
37; definition of stability, 15, 17;
on degree of centralization of
capabilities in international system,
54; influence on neorealism, 49;Territorial expansion (continued)