Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

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Map 2.

Main Russian hajj routes, late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Syr

Dar

ya

BLAC

K SEA REDSEA

MEDITERRANEAN SE

A

ARABIAN SE

A

PERSIANGULF

N

0 0

400

600

200

800 km

300

400

200100

500 mi

Bord

er of Russian Empi

re, c.

1900

Mode of tra

vel LandSea/riverRail

KhudaferinKhudaferin

YANBUYANBU

R

USSIAN EMPIRE

OTTO

MAN EMPIRE

PERSIA

AFGHANISTAN

INDIA

R

USSIAN EMPIRE

OTTO

MAN EMPIRE

PERSIA

AFGHANISTAN

INDIA

MEDITERRANEAN SE

A

Kars

Vladimir Tula

Orel Melitopol

Vladikavkaz Piatigorsk Kars

Vladimir Tula

Orel Melitopol

Derbent

Vladikavkaz Piatigorsk

Kushka

Tsaritsyn (Volgograd) Tabriz

Rasht

Qazvin

BAGHDAD

Najaf

Cairo

EL-TOR

Damascus

Medina Mecca

SUEZ

IZMIR

KHANEKIN

Kabul

Peshawar

Krasnovodsk

Shusha

Kashgar

Samarkand

Mazar-i Sharif

Bukhara Chardjui

Merv

Ashkhabad

Geok-Tepe Kizil Arvat

Yerevan

Jebrail

KERMANSHAH

Khoy Kazmein

Astrakhan

Rostov

ODESSA

KHARKOV

Simferopol

Poltava

Kursk

Moscow

Kazan Samara

Penza

Nizhni-Novgorod

CONSTANTINOPLE

Enzeli

ALEXANDRIA

BEIRUT

PORT SAID

BAKU

BATUMI

SEVASTOPOL

Kremenchug

ANDIJAN Kokand

TASHKENT

Kazalinsk

Lenkoran

Orenburg Balfrush Kum

Elisavetopol Tsaritsyn (Volgograd) Tabriz