Advances in the Study of Bilingualism

Bilingual Construction of Two Systems 79

Table 4.7

ENGLISH performance by structure, age, and home language

Structures

2–3

4–5

7–8

13–15

M

OEH

WEH OWH M

OEH

WEH OWH M

OEH

WEH OWH M

OEH

WEH

OWH

A. Similar:

Comparative

0.78 0.90 0.69 1.13

1.79 1.58 1.32 1.59 3.00 2.79 2.64 2.66 2.95 2.89

2.92

2.94

Superlative

0.83 0.60 0.54 0.56

1.50 1.04 1.32 0.82 2.41 2.07 1.86 2.09 2.80 2.72

2.88

2.94

Future

0.91 0.80 0.39 0.50

1.08 1.04 1.26 0.91 2.12 1.66 2.00 1.72 2.80 2.50

2.40

2.65

Universal/Exhaustive

Quantifi

cation

0.91 0.60 0.54 0.44

1.68 1.08 1.26 0.91 2.41 2.52 2.32 2.28 2.85 2.78

2.80

2.71

Existential/Non-

exhaustive Quantifi

cation

1.00 0.80 0.31 0.50

1.47 1.42 1.37 1.18 2.71 2.55 2.36 2.41 3.00 2.89

2.84

2.94

B. Dissimilar:

Passive

1.13 1.00 0.62 0.81

2.26 1.96 1.84 1.86 2.82 2.79 2.55 2.69 2.95 2.94

2.96

2.77

Present Perfect

1.00 0.70 0.54 0.69

2.40 2.13 1.63 0.91 2.71 2.66 2.55 2.31 2.85 2.89

2.84

2.71

Time conjunctions

1.30 0.60 0.62 0.44

1.71 1.04 1.37 1.27 2.47 2.03 1.73 2.13 2.70 2.89

2.72

2.81

OS Relative Clauses

0.87 0.70 0.69 0.44

1.40 1.58 1.32 1.18 2.53 2.59 2.41 2.28 2.75 2.56

2.72

2.71

SS Relative Clauses

0.78 0.80 0.46 0.25

0.95 1.08 1.11 0.77 2.24 2.07 2.18 1.91 2.85 2.67

2.60

2.65

SO Relative Clauses

0.87 0.50 0.69 0.44

1.08 1.58 1.26 1.09 2.53 2.38 2.09 1.94 2.75 2.56

2.72

2.71

AVERAGE, all structures

1.06 0.83 0.66 0.63

1.71 1.53 1.50 1.25 2.58 2.43 2.32 2.30 2.86 2.79

2.79

2.79

MON – %

21.7 37.7 40.6

10.5 12.3 26.9

5.8

10.0 10.9

2.4

2.4

2.4