80 Part 2: Bilingual Language Development
Table 4.8
WELSH performance by structure, age, and home language
Structures
2–3
4–5
7–8
13–15
OEH
WEH
OWH – OEH
WEH
OWH –
OEH
WEH
OWH
OEH
WEH
OWH
A. Similar:
Comparative
0.60
0.46
0.94
0.78
1.26
1.55
2.35
2.50
2.63
2.89
2.92
2.87
Superlative
0.60
0.77
0.69
0.87
1.05
1.55
1.76
2.05
2.23
2.61
2.56
2.84
Future
0.10
0.39
0.25
0.48
0.68
0.91
0.69
1.05
1.60
1.83
1.96
2.68
Universal/Exhaustive
Quantifi
cation
0.20
0.69
0.88
1.00
1.21
1.55
2.41
2.18
2.50
2.89
2.72
2.71
Existential/Non-exhaustive
Quantifi
cation
0.50
0.46
0.81
0.91
1.58
1.27
2.45
2.27
2.73
3.00
2.88
2.87
B. Dissimilar:
Passive
0.40
0.31
1.13
0.91
1.00
1.68
2.17
2.50
2.77
2.83
3.00
2.68
Present Perfect
0.70
0.69
1.06
1.26
1.63
1.36
2.41
2.59
2.50
2.56
2.80
2.65
Time conjunctions
0.20
0.69
0.81
1.04
1.26
1.32
1.97
1.91
2.07
2.78
2.60
2.68
OS Relative Clauses
0.30
0.08
0.56
0.70
1.00
1.55
1.97
1.96
1.93
2.28
2.32
2.55
SS Relative Clauses
0.40
0.23
0.38
0.65
1.16
0.82
1.48
1.68
1.87
2.44
2.44
2.77
SO Relative Clauses
0.10
0.54
0.63
0.61
1.21
0.86
1.28
1.55
1.67
2.06
2.24
2.42
AVERAGE, all structures
0.43
0.59
0.79
0.97
1.30
1.46
2.03
2.13
2.32
2.61
2.64
2.73
OWH – %
45.6
25.3
33.6
11.0
12.5
8.2
4.4
3.3