‘Locative’ -e 295
1.5 Dynamic intransitive verbs
The locative suffix is found with noncontrolled dynamic intransitive verbs
(Chapter 6 section 4.1). These are verbs such as dhateng ‘come’, entar ‘go’,
gaggar ‘fall’, maso' ‘enter’ and others. The full paradigm is illustrated for maso'
and gaggar in (54) and (55).
(54) a. Leng-maleng maso' dha' roma-na Pa' Jatim.
RED-thief enter to house-DEF Mr Jatim
‘Thieves got into Pak Jatim’s house.’
b. Roma-na Pa' Jatim e-maso'-e leng-maleng.
house-DEF Mr Jatim OV-enter-LOC RED-thief
‘Thieves got into Pak Jatim’s house.’
c. Leng-maleng maso'-e roma-na Pa' Jatim.
RED-thief AV.enter-LOC house-DEF Mr Jatim
‘Thieves got into Pak Jatim’s house.’
(55) a. Ennyor rowa gaggar ka motor-ra Ahmad.
coconut that fall to car-DEF Ahmad
‘That coconut fell on Ahmad’s car.’
b. Motor-ra Ahmad e-gaggar-i ennyor rowa.
car-DEF Ahmad OV-fall-LOC coconut that
‘That coconut fell on Ahmad’s car.’
c. Ennyor rowa ngaggar-i motor-ra Ahmad.
coconut that AV.fall-LOC car-DEF Ahmad
‘That coconut fell on Ahmad’s car.’
The a-sentences are the basic clauses with this verb type: there is no voice mor-
phology and the goal/locative is in a prepositional phrase headed by an appro-
priate preposition, here dha' ‘to’ and ka ‘to’. The b-sentences have the locative
suffix, object voice morphology, and a goal/locative subject, romana Pa' Jatim
‘Pak Jatim’s house’ in (54b) and motorra Ahmad in (55b). The c-sentences with
the locative suffix are transitive and have the goal/locative as bare NP but are
considered somewhat marginal and relatively unnatural. However, they are not
completely ungrammatical and show once again that non-object voice verbs
with the locative suffix are transitive structures, as evinced by the obligatory
actor voice morphology.