8.1 Causative 451not involving w. The verb 'break in' in (457.e), cf. (456), also has a variant
with α recorded from a T-md speaker, perhaps erroneous (this vocalism is
typical of double causatives).
(457) e Versus ο in Perfectives
a. 'raise (price)' -aess-ewaed-
'make noise' -aess-ewael-b. 'bathe' -aess-oraed- (T-ka)
-aess-eraed- (A-grm, K-d)c. 'count' -aess-odasn- (T-ka)
-aess-edaen- (K-d K-f R T-ka T-md)d. 'hang' -aess-olaey- (T-ka)
-aess-elaey- (K-d R)
-ass-elaey- (A-grm)e. 'break in' -aess-onaen- (A-grm T-ka T-md)
-aess-enaen (K-d R)
-aess-anaen- (T-md)I now turn to verbs (mainly adjectival in sense) with underived shape
-i/uC(C)aC- in imperfectives, often alternating with (especially perfective)
-v(C)CuC-. These stems have a variably short or full V in the first syllable, a
full V in the second syllable, and a final C. Since these verbs have rather
distinct perfective and imperfective systems, the question arises whether the
causative is based on the perfective or the imperfective. This is not a
meaningful issue for other verb classes, whose perfective and (short)
imperfective stems differ only in vocalic melody.
The underived -i/uC(C)aC- verbs normally have an initial schwa in the
perfective forms versus a full V in the imperfectives, e.g. 'pray' with PerfP
-amud- (dialectally -aemud-) versus Shlmpf -ümad- (Imprt umad, LoImpfP
-t-ümad-). Moreover, there are some verbs whose perfective shows
consonantal gemination not seen in imperfectives, though there is dialectal
variation in this respect; an example is 'be hot': PerfP -akkus-, Shlmpf -Ikas-
(dialectally -ükas-). Given these stem differences, it should be possible (for
this verb class) to decide whether the perfective or the imperfective of the
underived stem is the basis for the causative.
Consider the data in (458).