A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

8.11 Instrumental and related nominals 557

f. other patterns ending in ...CaC

s-aewaf 'scary thing' -vwvf- 'be scared'

s-aersad 'waste, damage' -vrsvd- 'ruin'

s-awaf (A-grm) 'being scared' -vwvf- 'be scared'

a-s-aeyar 'key' (cf. -υη> 'open')

[arguably a-saey-ar with y-extension of prefix]

g. Ma s-aePPaeCCasC (frozen)

s-aeffaeltass 'snake sp.'

s-aeqqaernasn 'whooping cough'

-s-vfvltvs- 'flatten'

[none]

Except in (584.g), a pattern with no vocalic prefix and with all short ae's,

there is a full α in the final stem syllable (584.a-0· One might compare this to

the alternative heavy VblN pattern with α in this syllable. The type ae-s-dgkas

from -vqkvs- (584.b) resembles the agentive type ae-m-agkas 'nursling'.

There are some similar cases where the <L> melody allows a stem-final o,

in instrumental nominals from V-final verbs (585).

(585) Instrumental Nominals with Stem-Final ο

form gloss related verb and gloss

a. Ma ά-s-aeCCo, Fe t-a-s-äeCCo-t-t (from -vCCi>)

a-s-aermo

ά-s-aeklo

ά-s-aekto

ά-s-aelso

ά-s-aenso

t-a-s-aevto-t-t

t-a-s-aekto-t-t

'dye'

'place for mid-day'

'souvenir'

'garment'

'tomb'

'spot for pole'

'memento'

-vrmu- 'apply henna to'

-vklu- 'spend mid-day'

-vkti> 'remember'

-vlsu- 'get dressed'

-vnsu- 'lie down'

-vrtu- 'be planted'

-vkti> 'remember'

b. Ma s-aeCCo (from -vCCi>)

s-aemdo 'end'

s-aento 'beginning'

s-aerho 'well-behaved one'

-vmdu- 'be complete'

-vntu- 'begin'

-vrhu- 'want, need'

c. Ma s-aePPayCo (from -vPvC-)

s-aeggayfo 'scarecrow' -s-vwvf- 'scare'

d. α-s-aePPaeCCo (from -PuCCo-)

α-s-aehhaesko (R) 'decoration'

[variant a-s-ahhasku, a-s-ahhsski]

-husku- + -t 'be pretty'

Another set of instrumentals and similar nominals has melody.
Most cases involve a stem-final u (586.a).