The Astronomy Book

19 no significant new ideas in astronomy in this tradition for nearly 1,400 years. Independently, great cultures in China, India ...

20 See also: Consolidating knowledge 24–25 ■ The Copernican model 32–39 ■ The Tychonic model 44–47 ■ Gravitational theory 66–73 ...

21 See also: The geocentric model 20 ■ Consolidating knowledge 24–25 ■ The Copernican model 32–39 ■ Stellar parallax 102 A n ast ...

22 See also: Gravitational theory 66–73 ■ Halley’s comet 74–77 I n about 130 bce, the Greek astronomer and mathematician Hipparc ...

23 See also: The Copernican model 32–39 ■ Elliptical orbits 50–55 T he Chief Astrologer at the court of Chinese emperor An-ti, Z ...

24 ALL MATTERS USEFUL TO THE THEORY OF HEAVENLY THINGS CONSOLIDATING KNOWLEDGE I n his greatest known work, the Almagest, the Gr ...

25 Ptolemy describes the design of his stone plinth in the Almagest. It was a quadrant, an instrument that measures angles betwe ...

26 See also: The geocentric model 20 ■ The Copernican model 32–39 ■ The Tychonic model 44–47 ■ Elliptical orbits 50–55 F rom the ...

27 See also: Consolidating knowledge 24–25 ■ Examining nebulae 104–05 ■ Spiral galaxies 156–61 ■ Beyond the Milky Way 172–77 A b ...

28 A NEW CALENDAR FOR CHINA THE SOLAR YEAR IN CONTEXT KEY ASTRONOMER Guo Shoujing (1231–1314) BEFORE 100 bce Emperor Wu of the H ...

29 See also: Shifting stars 22 ■ Improved instruments 30–31 ■ Zu Chongzhi (Directory) 334 FROM MYTH TO SCIENCE The two men trave ...

30 WE HAVE RE-OBSERVED ALL OF THE STARS IN PTOLEMY’S CATALOG IMPROVED INSTRUMENTS IN CONTEXT KEY ASTRONOMER Ulugh Beg (13 8 4 –1 ...

31 See also: Shifting stars 22 ■ Consolidating knowledge 24–25 ■ Mapping the galaxies 27 ■ The Copernican model 32–39 ■ The Tych ...

FINALLY WE SHALL PLACE THE SUN HIMSELF AT THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE THE COPERNICAN MODEL ...

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34 T o most people in mid-15th century Europe, questions about Earth’s place in the cosmos had been answered in the 2nd century ...

35 concern related to predicting the movements and appearances of the planets. According to the Aristotelian version of geocentr ...

36 Arabic and Indian astronomers. Supporters of geocentrism rejected his idea as absurd, believing a spinning Earth would create ...

37 Copernicus thought it was just too unlikely that thousands of stars were spinning rapidly around Earth every 24 hours. Instea ...

38 complicated epicycles, Copernicus explained that such motion could be attributed to changes in perspective caused by Earth an ...