350 INDEX
Roll, Peter 224, 225
Rømer, Ole 78, 148, 335
Röntgen, Wilhelm 111, 214
Rosetta spacecraft 206, 207, 308 –11
Rosse, William Parsons, Lord 27, 83, 87,
88, 104–5, 158
Royal Observatory (Greenwich) 13, 85
RS Puppis 136
Rubin, Vera 164, 240, 258, 268–71
Rudolphine Tables 55
Russell, Henry Norris 111, 125, 128,
138–9, 141, 163
Rutherford, Ernest 144, 151
Ryle, Martin 239, 338–9
S
Sabine, Edward 103
Safronov, Victor 205, 250–51
Sagan, Carl 230–35, 267, 322
Sagittarius A 179, 297
Saha, Meghnad 162
Sandage, Edwin 240
Saturn
exploration of 263, 264, 266
gravity 93
planetary migration 312–13
rings 43, 65 , 265
Saturn V rocket 246
Schiaparelli, Giovanni 117
Schmidt, Brian 296, 300–303
Schmidt, Maarten 185, 204, 218–21,
236, 296
Schmitt, Harrison 320
Schrödinger, Edwin 144
Schröter, Johann 97, 98
Schwabe, Samuel Heinrich 103 , 129
Schwarzschild, Karl 148, 154–5, 166, 255
Schwehm, Gerhard 308
science fiction 55
Scientific Revolution 39, 63, 118
Secchi, Angelo 110, 113 , 117, 120, 124, 128
Sedna 286, 287, 313
Seleucus of Seleucia 21
Selin, Helaine 26
SETI 210, 211, 232, 234–5
sextants 31, 45
Seyfert, Carl 185
Seyfert galaxies 185
Shapley, Harlow 136, 161, 164, 174
Shen Kuo 23
Shklovsky, Iosif 204, 232, 338
Shmaonov, Tigran 224
Shoemaker, Eugene 212
Shoemaker–Levy comet 212
shooting stars 20, 91
Shoushi calendar 28, 29
Shu, Frank 258, 276–9
Simons, George 213
singular isothermal model 277, 278
singularities 155, 171, 205, 255, 303
Slipher, Vesto 27, 87, 104, 144, 145, 158–61,
164, 170, 174, 175, 176, 185, 274
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) 118, 259,
274, 296 , 304
Small Astronomy Satellites (SAS) 205
Small Magellanic Cloud 100–101, 133,
134, 135
Smoot, George 171, 282–5
SOHO 213
Sojourner rover 320, 325
solar eclipses 14, 116, 144
solar physics 15
solar system
exploration of 260–67
formation of 82, 92, 93, 99, 204, 205,
250–51, 259, 290, 312–13
gravitational forces 71–2, 83, 85,
92, 106
Kepler’s model 54–5
in Milky Way 89, 101, 164
Nice model 312–13
Ptolemy’s model 24
size of 64, 83, 184
structure of 96–7, 99
solar year 28–9
solstices 25
Somerville, Mary 92, 93
southern hemisphere 79, 83, 100–101, 119
space exploration 259
Space Race 204, 208–9, 242–9
space science 15
Space Shuttle 193
space stations 249
spacetime 14, 68, 73, 168, 176–7, 329–30,
331
warping 148, 152, 154–5, 271, 328
spectral lines 110
spectroheliograph 129
spectroscopy 110, 112, 113, 114–15, 116,
120, 124
spiral galaxies 83, 89, 104, 105, 144,
156–61, 174–5, 185, 240, 276
spiral nebulae 27, 144, 156–61, 164, 174–5
Spirit rover 323, 324, 325
Spitzer, Lyman Jr. 145, 190–95, 200,
304, 326
Spitzer Space Telescope 190, 195, 200,
217, 276, 279, 304Sputnik 1 204, 208–9, 244
standard candles 134, 301–2
star clusters 82, 89, 101, 136
Stardust mission 308
stars
brightness 48–9, 86, 132–3, 138–9
cataloging 120–21
classification of 111, 113, 120, 122–7,
128, 138–9
composition of 116, 124, 144–5, 162–3,
166–7
distance of 38, 132–7
formation 200–201, 258, 276–9, 283
life cycle of 178 , 241
motion of 47
nuclear fusion 144, 166–7, 182–3, 199,
278–9, 302
photographing 118 –19
planets orbiting 288–95
position of 22, 24, 25, 31, 36, 44–5
southern sky 79, 83, 100–101, 119
spectra 110, 111, 113 , 120, 124, 128,
162–3
subsystems 165
stellar aberration 43, 78
stellar wind 278, 279
Steltzner, Adam 322
Stern, Alan 314 –17
Strömgren, Bengt 138, 162
Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm 102
Struve, Otto 290, 291
sun
emissions 116
formation of 250
gravitational field 14
heliocentric model 18, 19, 21, 32–9, 55,
62–3, 291
nuclear fusion 252
oscillations 213
planetary migration 312–13
spectrum 112 , 114, 116
structure of 110, 166–7
sunspots 49, 103 , 190
properties of 129
super Earths 294
super Jupiters 293–4
superclusters 275, 282, 296
supergiants 139
dying 127
Supernova Cosmology Project 174
supernovae 45, 71, 174, 178, 180–81,
217, 274, 301–2
explosions 87, 140, 145, 197, 198,
199, 239
remnants 216, 217, 237
supersymmetry 271