arenever
neutral,
andthat
by
arguing
witha
superiorheimpugns
theintelligence
ofonemorepowerful
thanhe.Healsohasno
awareness
ofthe
per-son
heis
dealing
with.Sinceeachman
believesthatheisright,
andwordswillrarely
convincehim
otherwise,thearguer’sreasoning
fallsondeafears.When
cornered,
heonly
argues
more,digging
hisown
grave.Oncehehasmadetheother
personfeelinsecureandinferiorinhis
beliefs,theeloquence
ofSocratescouldnotsavethesituation.Itisnotsimply
a
questionofavoiding
an
argumentwiththosewhostandabove
you.We
allbelievewearemastersintherealmof
opinionsandreasoning.
You
must
be
careful,
then:Learntodemonstratethecor-rectnessof
your
ideasindirectly.
OBSERVANCEOFTHELAWIn
1502,
in
Florence,Italy,
anenormousblockofmarblestoodintheworks
department
ofthechurchofSantaMariadelFiore.Ithadoncebeenamagnificentpiece
ofraw
stone,butanunskillfulsculptor
hadmistakenly
boredaholethrough
itwhere
thereshouldhavebeenafigure’slegs,gen-
erallymutilating
it.Piero
Soderini,
Florence’s
mayor,hadcontemplated
trying
tosavetheblockbycommissioning
LeonardodaVincitoworkonit,orsomeother
master,
buthad
givenup,sinceeveryoneagreed
thatthestonehadbeenruined.
So,despite
the
moneythathadbeenwastedon
it,itgathered
dust
in
the
dark
hallsofthechurch.Thiswaswherethings
stooduntilsomeFlorentinefriendsofthe
greatMichelangelo
decidedtowritetothe
artist,
then
livinginRome.He
alone,they
said,
coulddosomething
withthe
marble,
whichwasstillmagnificent
rawmaterial.Michelangelo
traveled
toFlorence,
examinedthe
stone,
andcametotheconclusionthathecouldin
fact
carvea
finefigure
from
it,by
adapting
the
poseto
the
waytherockhadbeenmutilated.Soderiniargued
thatthiswasawasteof
time——nobodycouldsalvage
suchadisasterwbuthefinally agreed
to letthe artistworkonit.Michelangelo
decidedhewoulddepict
a.
young
David,sling
inhand.Weeks
later,
asMichelangelo
was
puttingthefinaltouches onthestatue,
Soderinientered
the
studio.Fancying
himselfitbitofa
connoisseur,he.-studiedthe
huge
work,
andtoldMichelangelo
thatwhilehethought
itwasmagnificent,
the
nose,hejudged,
wastoobig.Michelangelo
realizedthatSoderiniwasstanding
in 2placeright
underthegiantfigure
anddidnothavetheproperperspective.
Without
a
word,
hegestured
forSoderinitofollowhim
upthescaffolding.Reaching
the
nose,
hepickedup
hisaswellasabitofmarbledustthatlay
ontheplanks.
WithSodetinijust
afewfeetbelowhimonthescaffolding.Michelangelo
startedto
taplightly
withthechisel,
letting
thebitsofdusthehadgathered
inhishandtofalllittleby
little.Heactually
didnothing
tochange
the
nose,
but
gaveeveryappearanceofworking
onit.Afterafewminutesofthischaradehestoodaside:“Lookatitnow.”“Ilikeit
better,”replied
Soderini,“you’ve
madeitcomealive.”¢lu;;_\‘.
Iin
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71