Bma Illustrated Medical Dictionary
Donated blood is tested for a range of infectious agents such as hepatitis B and hepatitis Cand antibodies to HIV. After being c ...
white blood cells and/or plasma pro- teins removed) are used when a person needs repeated transfusions because there is less ris ...
in septicaemia. Microbiology also looks for antibodies in the blood, which may confirm immunity to an infection. blood transfusi ...
blood vesselsA general term given to arteries, veins, and capillaries (see cir- culatory system). blue babyAn infant with a cyan ...
for the muscles and protects certain body organs. Bone consists of several layers: a thin outer covering (the peri- osteum), whi ...
disorders (see osteopetrosis; Paget’s dis- ease). Bone density can be measured by a technique known as densitometry, which uses ...
and on the presence of cells foreign to the marrow. It is useful in the diagnosis of many blood disorders, including leu- kaemia ...
peripheral nervous system. CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUMproduces spores that resist boiling, salting, smoking, and some forms of picklin ...
bradycardia may cause a drop in blood pressure that results in fainting (see vasovagal attack). BrailleA system of embossed dots ...
balance, posture, and muscular coordi- nation. Both of these regions operate at a subconscious level. The brain and spinal cord ...
blood flow and metabolic activity in the brain to be measured. Ultrasound scanningis used only in premature or very young babies ...
nerve). Nerve-cell groups in the brain- stem, known collectively as the reticular formation, alert the higher brain centres to s ...
common during the first few months of taking the pill and is caused by incom- plete suppression of the endometrium. (See also va ...
breast. Breast cysts most commonly affect women in their 40s and 50s, especially in the years around the menopause. A lump can b ...
and other changes that might be an indication of early breast cancer. To carry out self-examination, the breasts should be check ...
breathing difficultyLaboured or dis- tressed breathing that includes a change in the rate and depth of breathing or a feeling of ...
are soft and have an increased tendency both to become deformed and to frac- ture. The inherited disorder osteogenesis imperfect ...
provoke an asthmaattack. The effect can be reversed by a bronchodilator drug. bronchodilator drugsA group of drugs that widen th ...
bruitsThe sounds made in the heart, arteries, or veins when blood circula- tion becomes turbulent or flows at an abnormal speed. ...
Buerger’s diseaseA rare disorder, also called thromboangiitis obliterans, in which the arteries, nerves, and veins in the legs, ...
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