Notes to Pages 135–38 193
Berkeley, 2011), 78–112. I see no reason to challenge Plutarch’s dating of the legal change. Cf,
however, Figueira, “Population Patterns in Late Archaic and Classical Sparta,” 194–96.
3 0.Opinions differ sharply as to whether Phylarchus’ narrative is worthy of trust: see François
Ollier, Le Mirage spartiate (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1933–43), II 88–93, 105–7, 196–97; Emilio
Gabba, “Studi su Filarco: Le Biografie plutarchee di Agide e di Cleomene,” Athenaeum n. s. 35
(1957): 3–55, 193–239, reprinted as Gabba, Studi su Filarco: Le Biografie plutarchee di Agide e di
Cleomene (Pavia: Tipografia del Libro, 1957); Thomas W. Africa, Phylarchus and the Spartan Rev
olution (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961); Eugène Napoléon Tigerstedt, The Legend
of Sparta in Classical Antiquity (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1965–74), II 49–85; Paul Pédech,
Trois historiens méconnus: Théopompe, Duris, Phylarque (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1989), 391–493
(esp. 428–29, 439–93); Benjamin Shimron, “Some Remarks on Phylarchus and Cleomenes III,”
RFIC 94 (1966): 452–59, and Late Sparta: The Spartan Revolution, 243–146 B.C. (Buffalo: Depart-
ment of Classics, State University of New York, 1972), passim (esp. 9–14, 22–24, 56–60); and Paul
Cartledge and Antony Spawforth, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta: A Tale of Two Cities (London:
Routledge, 1989), 38–58.
31.This point is made by Tigerstedt, The Legend of Sparta in Classical Antiquity, II 81.
- See Sphaerus FGrH 585 T1, T3a–b, F1–2. Cf. Ollier, Le Mirage spartiate, II 99–123; Ti-
gerstedt, The Legend of Sparta in Classical Antiquity, II 82–85; and Kennell, G V, 11–12, 98–114,
with Figueira, “The Nature of the Spartan Klēros,” 56–57. As Ducat, SE, 29–32, points out, there is
not a shred of evidence to substantiate Kennell’s claim, G V, 102–8, that the Instituta Laconica nos.
1–17 (Plut. Mor. 236f–238d) derive from either of the two treatises by Sphaerus in which Lacedae-
mon loomed large.
33.Cf. Ollier, Le Mirage spartiate, passim (esp. II 187–215); Tigerstedt, The Legend of Sparta
in Classical Antiquity, passim (esp. II 113–30, 226–64); and Hodkinson, PWCS, passim (esp.
1–149, 399–449). The last of these three works—which is, by far, the most cogent and interesting
argument for the view that they share—has been answered by Lupi, “L’Archaia moira: Osservazi-
oni sul regime fondiario a partire spartano da un libro recente,” 151–72; Figueira, “The Nature
of the Spartan Klēros,” 47–76; and Pomeroy, S Wo, 161. The argument developed by Mait Kõiv,
ATEGH, 9–215, and “The Origins, Development, and Reliability of the Ancient Tradition about
the Formation of the Spartan Constitution,” Historia 54:3 (2005): 233–64, with regard to early
Sparta applies with no less force to third-century Lacedaemon. Rhetoricians exploit existing be-
liefs and, when convenient, distort them for present-day purposes. It is rarely, if ever, within their
power to get away with fabricating such beliefs out of whole cloth. Cf., however, Michael Flower,
“The Invention of Tradition in Classical and Hellenistic Sparta,” in SBM, 191–217 (at 194–202),
who evidently thinks otherwise. - Spartan polıteía: Thuc. 1.18.1, 68.1, 132.4, 4.126.2, 5.31.6, 68.2. Sparta as kósmos: Plut.
Lyc. 29.1. Cf. Thuc. 4.76.2 on Thebes. - If one rejects the evidence that there was at one time an egalitarian property scheme
at Sparta, one will be driven by the logic of one’s position on this question to deny that there was
anything special or unusual about Lacedaemon at all, as Stephen Hodkinson recognizes: Chap-
ter 1, note 1, above.
Appendix 2. The Néoı at Sparta
1.See, for example, MacDowell, SL, 78–79, and Ducat, SE, 101–12.
2.Consider Hdt. 7.234.2, 9.10.1, 12.2 in light of Henry Theodore Wade-Gery, “The Spartan
Rhetra in Plutarch’s Lycurgus VI: C. What Is the Rhetra?” CQ 38:3/4 (July–October 1944): 115–26
(at 125), reprinted in Wade-Gery, EGH, 66–85 (at 82), and note Thucydides’ use (2.8.1 and, in one
manuscript, 4.80.3) of the same term; then see Cartledge, Agesilaos, 21.
3.See Henri Jeanmaire, Couroi et courètes: Essai sur l’éducation spartiate et sur les rites d’ado
lescence dans l’antiquité hellénique (Lille: Bibliothèque Universitaire, 1939), 483.
- Cf., however, Thomas J. Figueira, “Mess Contributions and Subsistence at Sparta,”
TAPhA 114 (1984): 87–109 (at 101–2 n. 47), and “Population Patterns in Late Archaic and Clas-
sical Sparta,” TAPhA 116 (1986): 165–213 (at 167–69).