FoundationalConceptsNeuroscience

Forward and backward, transmitters cross the synapse— sculpting connection. ...

CHAPTER 1 0 Neural Development and Neuroplasticity From the fusion of a female egg and a male sperm comes the develop- ment of a ...

is called the haploid chromosome number and forty-six the diploid chromosome number. The haploid number is often used in referen ...

Transcription-factor proteins RNA polymerase % { Gene: protein-coding ( region of DNA DNA Nee al, Regulatory region i Xv Gene tr ...

After conception, the fertilized egg begins to divide and form multiple cells—embryonic stem cells—with the capacity to continue ...

More than a century ago, Santiago Ramon y Cajal examined the cellular morphology of developing neurons and described how axon ti ...

Midbrain Hindbrain Forebrain Auditory vesicle Neural tube Figure 10.2. Drawing of a human embryo at three weeks after conception ...

Figure 10.3. Neuron drawings by Ramon y Cajal from his autobiography, first published in 1917 as Recuerdos de mi vida. Growth co ...

the consciousness-obliterating effects of general anesthetics may re- sult from binding to microtubules. It is certainly the cas ...

Oo tubulin proteins Figure 10.5. Microfilaments (top) are long polymers of actin proteins. Each actin protein is composed of abo ...

to grow and how synapses decide to form remained unknown. Major progress in addressing these questions was made by Roger Sperry ...

Now Sperry combined the two procedures: he rotated the frog’s eyeball by 180 degrees and cut the optic nerve connection between ...

its perception from the rotated eyeball. Instead, the frog’s nervous system appears to have formed exactly the same connections ...

sometimes cause cell growth in the direction of contact or in other circumstances cause growth away from the direction of contac ...

terminal that respond to released neurotransmitter. For example, at a glutamatergic synapse, glutamate neurotransmitter may inte ...

been assumed throughout much of the twentieth century, neuroge- nesis is now known to occur in limited but measurable ways even ...

Though happening all the time in the brain, neuroplastic changes are most robust during the early years of life. It is then that ...

plastic all of life! ...

CHAPTER 1 1 Sensory Perception We experience sight, sound, smell, taste, temperature, the feel of the wind on our face. In all t ...

it then swims off again in a straight line for another second (a run). Runs occur when the bacterium’s flagella rotate in one di ...