The Science Book

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 39 therefore regarded as heretical by both Catholic and Protestant theologians. To sidestep the issue, a p ...

40 THE ORBIT OF EVERY PLANET IS AN ELLIPSE JOHANNES KEPLER (1571–1630) W hile the work of Nicolaus Copernicus on celestial orbit ...

41 See also: Nicolaus Copernicus 34–39 ■ Jeremiah Horrocks 52 ■ Isaac Newton 62–69^ SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION would prove vital to r ...

42 A FALLING BODY ACCELERATES UNIFORMLY GALILEO GALILEI (1564–1642) F or 2,000 years, few people challenged Aristotle’s assertio ...

43 See also: Nicolaus Copernicus 34–39 ■ Isaac Newton 62–69 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION collected. By letting the ball go at different ...

44 See also: Thales of Miletus 20 ■ Johannes Kepler 40–41 ■ Galileo Galilei 42–43 ■ Hans Christian Ørsted 120 ■ James Clerk Maxw ...

45 See also: Alhazen 28–29 ■ Galileo Galilei 42–43 ■ William Gilbert 44 ■ Robert Hooke 54 ■ Isaac Newton 62–69 T he English phil ...

46 TOUCHING THE SPRING OF THE AIR ROBERT BOYLE (1627–1691) I n the 17th century, several scientists across Europe investigated t ...

47 See also: Isaac Newton 62–69 ■ John Dalton 112–13 ■ Robert FitzRoy 150–55 Barometers In Italy, the mathematician Gasparo Bert ...

48 demonstration in 1654, when he put two metal hemispheres together with an airtight seal between them and pumped the air out o ...

49 out of the top of the receiver and sealed in place with cement. As the pressure in the receiver was reduced, the level of the ...

50 I n the 17th century, Isaac Newton and the Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens both pondered the true nature of light, and re ...

51 When white light passes through a prism, it is refracted into its component parts. Huygens explained that this is due to ligh ...

52 See also: Nicolaus Copernicus 34–39 ■ Johannes Kepler 40–41 P lanetary transits offered an opportunity to test the first of J ...

53 See also: Robert Hooke 54 ■ Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 56–57 ■ John Ray 60–61 ■ Carl Linnaeus 74–75 ■ Louis Pasteur 156–59 T he ...

54 T he development of the compound microscope in the 17th century opened up a whole new world of previously unseen structures. ...

55 T he sedimentary strata of rocks that make up much of Earth’s surface also form the basis for Earth’s geological history, whi ...

56 MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF ANIMALCULES ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632–1723) A ntonie van Leeuwenhoek rarely ventured far from ...

57 See also: Robert Hooke 54 ■ Louis Pasteur 156–59 ■ Martinus Beijerinck 196–97 ■ Lynn Margulis 300–01 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION ap ...

58 MEASURING THE SPEED OF LIGHT OLE RØMER (1644–1710) J upiter has many moons, but only the four largest (Io, Europa, Ganymede, ...