The Science Book

139 See also: John Dalton 112–13 ■ James Joule 138 ■ James Clerk Maxwell 180–85 ■ Albert Einstein 214–21 B y the middle of the 1 ...

140 PLASTIC IS NOT WHAT I MEANT TO INVENT LEO BAEKELAND (1863–1944) T he discovery of synthetic plastics in the 19th century ope ...

141 Heat-resistant and nonconductive of electricity, Bakelite was an ideal material to use for the casings of electrical goods s ...

I HAVE CALLED THIS PRINCIPLE NATURAL SELECTION CHARLES DARWIN (1809 –1882) ...

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144 CHARLES DARWIN T he British naturalist Charles Darwin was by no means the first scientist to suggest that plants, animals, a ...

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS 145 Darwin’s approach to evolution, like the rest of his wide-ranging work in natural history, was cautiou ...

146 CHARLES DARWIN This epic voyage opened the eyes of the young Darwin, still only in his twenties, to the incredible variety o ...

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS 147 fossils he found on his explorations, which he now saw “through Lyell’s eyes.” However, while he was i ...

148 CHARLES DARWIN Much later, in his autobiography, Darwin recalled his reaction when he first read Malthus back in 1838. “Bein ...

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS 149 its ancestors. Meanwhile, those ancestors may remain the same, or they may evolve in response to their ...

FORECASTING THE WEATHER ROBERT FITZROY (1805 –1865) ...

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152 ROBERT FITZROY A century and a half ago, notions of weather prediction were deemed little more than folklore. The man who ch ...

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS 153 Before FitzRoy began his weather reporting systems, mariners had already observed that winds form cycl ...

154 ROBERT FITZROY that most of the large storms that blow in the mid-latitudes show this cyclonic depression shape. So the dire ...

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS 155 This weather station, located in the remote mountains of Ukraine, sends data on temperature, humidity, ...

156 OMNE VIVUM EX VIVO— ALL LIFE FROM LIFE LOUIS PASTEUR (1822–1895) M odern biology teaches that living things can only arise f ...

157 See also: Robert Hooke 54 ■ Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 56–57 ■ Thomas Henry Huxley 172–73 ■ Harold Urey and Stanley Miller 274– ...

158 flies, rather than spontaneously. However, the significance of Redi’s experiment was not appreciated, and even Redi himself ...