347
Mohism 44
Monadology, Gottfried Leibniz 135
monads 136, 137, 334
monism 22, 40, 41, 126, 139, 180, 341
morality 14, 15, 21, 212
Friedrich Nietzsche 216
Laozi 25
Niccolò Machiavelli 105, 106
Plato 55
Socrates 47, 48
Theodor Adorno 266, 267
More, Thomas 100
Morin, Edgar 338
Moses of Narbonne 83, 334
Mozi 44
Muhammad 70
Muslims 70, 78, 83, 83 , 333
Mussolini, Benito 107
Mythologies, Roland Barthes 291N
Naess, Arne 282–3
Nagel, Thomas 285, 295
naturalism 232, 341
negative theology 84
neo-Platonism 70, 331, 332
neopragmatism 209
New Confucianism 39
New Essays of Human Understanding,
Gottfried Leibniz 101
New Organon, Francis Bacon 100
Newlands, John 29
Newton, Isaac 101, 110, 146
Nicolaus of Autrecourt 334
Nietzsche, Friedrich 188, 195, 212, 213,
214–21
Nirodha 31
Nishida Kitaro 336
Northern Lights, Philip Pullman 79
noumenon 169, 182, 187, 188, 342, 343
number 20, 27, 28, 29
Nussbaum, Martha 295, 339O
Oakeshott, Michael 337
Objectivism 337
Ockham’s Razor 334
Of Grammatology, Jacques Derrida 310, 313
Offray de la Mettrie, Julien 335Emmanuel Levinas 273
Ferdinand de Saussure 223
Georg Hegel 180
Gilbert Ryle 337
Jacques Derrida 312
John Langshaw Austin 338
John Locke 133
Ludwig Wittgenstein 248–51, 296
Rudolf Carnap 257
language, philosophy of,
Ferdinand de Saussure 223
Ludwig Wittgenstein 248–51
Roland Barthes 290
Willard Van Orman Quine 278
Laozi (Lao Tzu) 24–5, 30
Leibniz, Gottfried 14, 60, 63, 101, 134–7
Immanuel Kant 167
John Locke 130, 132, 133
Leopold, Aldo 282, 283
Leucippus 45 , 65
Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes 101, 113
Levinas, Emmanuel 255, 273 , 313
liberal democracy 144, 213
liberalism 191, 193, 281
Linnaeus, Carol 60
Llull, Ramon 333
Locke, John 101, 130–33, 146, 147, 150, 156,
15 8, 173, 175
Arthur Schopenhauer 187
empiricists 60, 63, 134
George Berkeley 138, 142
Immanuel Kant 166, 171
John Stuart Mill 190
logic 14, 17, 212, 337, 340, 341
Aristotle 61, 62, 62 , 63
David Hume 151, 151
Ludwig Wittgenstein 248, 249, 250, 251
Rudolf Carnap 257
Logic, Aristotle 70
logical form 250, 250
logical positivism 153, 257
Lorenzo (de’ Medici) the Magnificent 104,
105, 105
Love and Knowledge, Max Scheler 240
Luhmann, Niklas 339
Luther, Martin 100, 110
Lyotard, Jean-François 289, 298–9
M
Machiavelli, Niccolò 100, 102–7, 108, 109
Magga 31
Maimonides, Moses 84–5
Man a Machine, Julien Offray de la Mettrie 335
Mandeville, Bernard 335
Mann, Thomas 221
Mao Zedong 44 , 203, 213
Marcuse, Herbert 259
Marx, Karl 15, 145, 159, 189, 196–203, 204,
212, 238
Marxism 171, 213, 238, 299, 326, 338
Marxist existentialism 288
materialism 341
mathematics 14, 17, 20, 71
Age of Reason 101
Aristotle 59
Blaise Pascal 125
David Hume 151, 151
Immanuel Kant 167 , 169
John Locke 132
Pythagoras 27, 28, 29
Thomas Hobbes 113
Voltaire 147
Mawlana see Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi
Mawlawi Order of Sufism 87, 87
Meditations on First Philosophy, René
Descartes 100, 115, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123,
166
Meditations on Quixote, Jose Ortega y
Gasset 242
Mencius 39
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 274–5
Mersenne, Marin 113
metaphilosophy 177, 324, 341
metaphysics 13, 15, 16, 341
Alfred North Whitehead 336
Arthur Schopenhauer 186
Avicenna 76
Benedictus Spinoza 126
Democritus 45
Francisco Suárez 334
Georg Hegel 180
George Berkeley 138
Heraclitus 40
Immanuel Kant 166, 171
Leucippus 45
Parmenides 41
Pythagoras 26
René Descartes 118
Søren Kierkegaard 194
Thales of Miletus 22
Thomas Aquinas 90
Thomas Hobbes 112
Method, Edgar Morin 338
Methods of Ethics, Henry Sidgwick 336
Midgley, Mary 292
Mill, James 191
Mill, John Stuart 65, 144, 145, 190–93
mimetic desire, theory of 338
mind 13, 77, 78, 79, 114, 115, 122, 127, 128,
129, 139, 275
philosophy of 124, 338
Minima Moralia, Theodor Adorno 266, 267
Mishneh Torah, Moses Maimonides 85, 85INDEX