424 Subject Index
New Zealand English 16, 41– 69, 254
news broadcasts see media, genre, 138,
142, 145–146, 151, 154, 157–158, 163
no-negation (Spanish) 151–153
nonstandard (language) see standard
(language)
NORM (vowel normalization program)
2
normalization 10, 51, 54, 76–78, 97,
117–118, 225–228, 272, 364–365,
367, 377
Northern Cities (Chain) Shift 4, 6–7,
71–89, 207–208, 223–229, 241–252,
260–261, 383, 394
North Midlands (US dialect 383
Norwegian 194
Norwich (British English) 16, 124
not-negation (English) 151, 157
observer’s paradox 146, 162, 228, 387
Okracoke (North Carolina, USA)
“brogue” 380
Old Norse 36
optimality theory 1–2
ortheopists 36
outgroup 262
palatal 2, 22, 35, 37, 50, 88, 102, 112,
120, 3689
Panama City 124
Paris (suburbs) 4–5, 91–132
patois 94
Pennsylvania 16, 290
perceptual dialectology 203–221, 258,
289–292, 294, 314, 322, 394–395,
401, 403
performance (style) 379–380, 383, 388
Philadelphia (US) English 16, 118, 141,
160, 207, 248, 258
Picard 124
pitch see F0, 9, 134–135, 149–150, 178,
184, 191, 218, 271–272, 292, 315, 321
pitch accent 149, 163, 179, 191–193,
195–198
Pit chwork s 149, 163 –16 4
pleasantness (of language varieties) 11,
198, 399–403, 405–407
Plotnik 2, 78–79, 82–83
Polder Dutch see Dutch
Polish 104, 140, 294
powe r 139 –141, 146 –147
Pratt 2, 45, 51, 58, 76, 84, 164, 181, 253,
271, 277, 337, 339, 362
pre-aspiration 334 –337, 351
prestige 15, 19, 183, 195, 218, 258, 395
principal components analysis 299,
30 6 –311, 313, 316, 318
pro¿ ling see linguistic pro¿ ling
prominence (prosodic) see stress, 5,
99, 119, 133 –139, 142 –145, 148 –153,
155 –163, 165 –166
prosody 4–5, 8, 91–132, 133–175, 268,
276–282, 334
psycholinguistics 30
puns 20–21
PVI index 125R (statistical program) 4
/r/-fullness (/r/-lessness) 41–42, 145, 160,
166
/r/ intrusion 4, 41– 69
/r/ quality 50–53, 56, 62–63
/r/-sandhi see /r/ intrusion
rate (of speech) 98, 103–104, 107–110,
112 –114, 117, 121–122 , 332 , 339, 345,
349, 351
reconstruction 18, 20
regional accent 293, 327, 335, 357, 359,
368–372, 374 –376, 388
regional variation see regional accent,
15–40, 71–89, 133–175, 191–202,
203–221, 223–239, 241–253,
258–261, 378–391, 393–409
register 142, 157, 159, 161, 163
regression analysis 298
resynthesis (of speech signal) see synthe-
sis, 11, 248, 253, 351
rhymes 64
rurality (of US English) 11, 73, 245–247,
404–407
Russian 16salience 136, 211, 293, 334, 388, 399, 401
schwa-insertion see epenthesis