Scientific societies, 396, 398,399,399–400
Scipio, Publius Cornelius.SeeScipio
Africanus
Scipio Africanus, 103
Scotland: Calvinism in, 314; England and,
372; Knox in, 314; Presbyterian Church
in, 372
Scribes: monastic, 178; Sumerian, 14
Scriptoria, 178
Scripture, 162, 303, 310, 319.See also
Catholic Church; Protestantism; Theology
Sculpture: Baroque, 379, 379 ; Greek, 65, 65 ;
Hellenistic,87,87–88; in Italian
Renaissance, 287, 287 ; Roman, 111
Scutage, 258
Sea Peoples, 21, 29, 34
Sea routes, in Renaissance, 276
Seasons, peasant activities in, 202
Second Crusade, 243
Second Estate, in European society, 277
Second Intermediate Period (Egypt), 20
Second Punic War, 103
Secularism, 357–58, 386; Renaissance and,
281
Sejm (Polish parliament), 295
Seleucid dynasty, 81; Hannibal and, 103;
Jews and, 91, 139
Seleucus, 81
Self-government, in towns, 207
Seljuk Turks, 241, 296
Semitic languages, 10 (tab.); of Assyrians, 36,
38; of Hyksos, 20
Semitic peoples, 10
Senate, in Rome, 98, 112, 115, 121, 126
Senatorial order, in Rome, 123–24
Seneca, 132
Sennacherib (Assyria),31, 39
Separation of church and state, 312
Septimius Severus (Rome), 137, 137
Serbia, 296
Serbs, 188, 191
Serfs and serfdom: in 16th century, 353; in
Egypt, 18; in manorial system, 186–87; as
peasants, 201.See alsoPeasants
Sermon on the Mount, 139
Servian Wall (Rome), 98
Settlements: Neolithic, 4–5; Viking, 183,
191.See alsoColonies and colonization
Seven Wonders of the ancient world, 40
Seven Years’ War, India and, 344
Sex and sexuality: in Carolingian Empire,
179; Christianity and, 179; Hammurabi’s
Code on, 12; in marriage, 314.See also
Gender and gender issues
Seymour, Jane, 313
Sforza family (Milan), 279
Shakespeare, William, 381
Shamash (god), 11
Shang Dynasty (China), 6
Shari’a, 167
Shelter: of Paleolithic peoples, 4.See also
Housing
Shi’ite Muslims, 168, 241
Shikoku, 349
Ships and shipping: exploration and, 329;
Phoenician, 34; pirates and, 351;
Portuguese, 330–31; slave trade and,338–39, 340; Vikings and, 181, 183.
See alsoNavy; Sailors and sailing
Shogun (Japan), 345
Siam.SeeThailand (Siam)
Sicily: Aragon rulers in, 261–62; Carthage
and, 102; geography of, 95; Greeks in, 96;
Kingdom of, 228 (map), 229; Phoenicians
in, 34; in Renaissance, 279–80; as Roman
province, 103
Sidon, 34
Siege warfare, Assyrian, 38
Sigismund (Holy Roman Empire), 265, 296
Silesia, 231, 367 (map)
Silk and silk industry, 163
Silk Road, 128 (map), 129, 250
Silver: in New World, 351; for trade, 207,
353
Silver age, of Latin literature, 132
Simeon the Stylite (Saint), 157
Simons, Menno, 312
Sinai peninsula, 125
Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo and,273,274,
290
Sixtus IV (Pope), 297
Slave labor: in Athens, 68; in Rome, 106–7
Slavery: African, 338–39, 340; in Greece, 54;
in Haiti, 346; in Renaissance, 278; Rome
and, 107, 113, 132, 133; Sumerian, 9; in
United States, 339; in West Indies, 346
Slave trade: in Atlantic Ocean region,
338–39, 338 (map), 340; consequences
of, 347; in Latin America, 348
Slavic peoples: Charlemagne and, 176;
eastern, 190 (map), 191; in eastern
Europe, 230 (map), 295; Germany and,
230; migrations of, 190 (map); southern,
190 (map), 191; western, 190–91, 190
(map); women, 191
Slavonic alphabet.SeeCyrillic (Slavonic)
alphabet
Slovenia, 367
Smallpox: Aztecs and, 335, 337 ; Inca and,
336
Social classes.SeeClasses
Social services, monasticism and, 235–37
Society.SeeClasses; Lifestyle; Religion(s)
Society of Friends.SeeQuakers
Society of Jesus.SeeJesuits
Socrates and Socratic method, 66
Sogdia, 40
Solar system.SeeUniverse
Soldiers: Spartan, 56–57.See alsoMilitary;
Wars and warfare; specific battles and
wars
Solomon (Israel), 27–28, 30
Solon (Athens), 58
Song of Roland, The, 216
Son of Heaven, Chinese emperor as, 344
Sophists, 65–66
Sophocles, 63, 283
South Africa, ancient humans in, 2
South America: Spain and, 333, 345.See also
Latin America
Southeast Asia: in 1700, 341 (map); Dutch
in, 340–41, 353; western involvement in,
339–42, 341
Southern Slavs, 190 (map), 191Southwest Asia, 2, 6, 7
Spain: in Americas, 345–47, 348; in Asia,
340; Aztecs and, 334–36; Black Death in,
251; Carthaginian empire and, 102, 103;
Catholic Church in, 293, 320–21;
Charlemagne and, 174; decline of, 366;
drama in, 381; exploration by, 328, 331,
333–37; France and, 280, 366;
government of, 366; Habsburg emperors
and, 308; Inca Empire and, 336; Italy and,
280; Jews expelled from, 293–94;
kingdom in, 227; Latin America and, 348;
Muslims in, 169, 193, 194, 293, 294;
Netherlands and, 320–21, 321 (map);
New World and, 320; Ottoman Turks
and, 370; Phoenicians in, 34; Reconquista
in, 227, 227 (map); revolts and, 362;
Romanization in, 126; Rome and, 103,
115, 126; slavery and, 338; Southeast
Asia and, 340; sphere of influence of, 333;
Thirty Years’ War and, 361, 366;
unification of, 293; Vandals in, 150;
Visigoths in, 150, 153–54
Spanish Armada, 324
Spanish Empire, 336
Spanish Inquisition, 294
Spanish Netherlands, 320–21, 321 (map),
366
Sparta, 49, 56–58; Athens and, 48–49,
61–62; government of, 58; military in,
56–57; Peloponnesus and, 56, 58;
Persians and, 59, 62; women in, 57–58,
69–70
Spartacus, revolt by, 107, 113
Spartianus, Aelius, 120
‘‘Speech at Tilbury’’ (Elizabeth I), 322
Speyer, Jews of, 239
Spheres of influence, of women, 397
Spice Islands.SeeMoluccas (Spice Islands)
Spices and spice trade: in Byzantine Empire,
163; Dutch and, 340, 341; England and,
342; Portugal and, 330, 340
Spiritual Exercises, The(Loyola), 317, 318
Spirituality: Egyptian, 18–19.See also
Religion(s)
Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 332, 341
Stadholder, 372
Stained glass, 217, 218
Standard of living.SeeLifestyle
Standing army, 369
Starry Messenger, The(Galileo), 390
State (nation): Plato on, 66; in Renaissance,
292–96; of Sparta, 58.See alsoChurch
and state; Government
State of nature, Hobbes on, 378
States General (Netherlands), 372
Statues: in Çatal Hu ̈yu ̈k, 4–5.See also
Sculpture
Status.SeeClasses
Statute of Laborers (England), 254
Stele of Hammurabi.SeeCode of
Hammurabi
Stephen (Saint), 191
Stoicism, 89–90, 132
Stonehenge, 28, 29
Stone tools, 2, 5
Strait of Magellan, 328Index 429Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
`Ìi`ÊÜÌ
ÊÌ
iÊ`iÊÛiÀÃÊvÊ
vÝÊ*ÀÊ* Ê
`ÌÀÊ
/ÊÀiÛiÊÌ
ÃÊÌVi]ÊÛÃÌ\Ê