National Geographic Interactive - 02.2020

Amazonia

136,000

Unknown

destination

791,000

Fr. Guiana

21,000

Dutch Guiana

260,000

British Guiana

75,000

CARIBBEAN ISLANDS

4,021,000

MAINLAND

SOUTH AMERICA

3,763,000

MAINLAND

N. AMERICA

307,000

Other islands

1,572,000

207,000

31,000

Other

East Coast

ports

39,000

Gulf Coast

13,000

Pernambuco

430,000

Bahia

1,214,000

Southeast Brazil

1,389,000

Río de la Plata

92,000

935,000

151,000

83,000 21,000

695,000

26,000

29,000

764,000

Spanish

N. American

colonies

241,000

Bermuda

Cuba

Jamaica Puerto Rico

Hispaniola

Mobile

ALA.

GA.

FLA.

N.J. R.I.

N.H.

CONN. MASS.

ME.

N.Y.

MISS.

S.C.

N.C.

VA. MD.

UNITED STATES

(SPAIN)

(U.K.)

(U.K.) (SPAIN)

HAITI

Departed

between

Feb. 27 and

March 4, 1860 March 17

March 7

Clotilda ro

ute (^) to (^) A
June 30 frica
(^) Cl
oti
lda
(^) rou
te to
U.S.
After the Clotilda was towed
from Mississippi to Alabama,
the captives were offloaded
and the ship set on fire.
Arrived
Grand Bay, Miss.
July 8, 1860
MEXICO
GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR
COSTA
RICA
BELIZE
HONDURAS
NICARAGUA
PANAMA
COLOMBIA
GUYANA
SURINAME
VENEZUELA
BRAZIL
URUGUAY
NORTH AMERICA
SOUTH
AMERICA
Caribbean
Sea
Gulf of Mexico
A T L
A N T I C
QUAAATOR
SHACKLED
AND UPROOTED
On July 8, 1860, 108 captives disembarked from the schooner
Clotilda to become the last recorded Africans enslaved
in the United States. Europeans first brought Africans as
slaves to the Americas to maximize the output of gold
and silver mines as well as the profitability of crops such
as sugar, tobacco, and rice. The trade spanned nearly four
centuries and brought a documented nine million men,
women, and children across the ocean to be owned as
property and forced into grueling labor.
Journey on the Clotilda
At the slave port Ouidah, in present-
day Benin, 110 Africans were confined
to the cargo ship’s hold. They were
fed meager rations on the six-week
crossing. Two captives died.
Trading people for goods
Europeans in Africa traded refined
products like textiles and guns for
slaves, then sold the captives in the
Americas for gold, silver, and lucrative
cash crops such as sugar and tobacco.
Trading in the Americas
Once Africans arrived in the New
World, they often became part of an
active Pan-American trade network.
Over 320,000 enslaved people were
shipped out of Caribbean ports and
nearly 70,000 out of Brazil.