PEOPLEalso settled in Basra, so it is also reasonable to suppose that some of
these captives were taken there. The many freeborn Persian women
taken captive at Jalula' became a significant element in the social
history of the Islamic garrison cities in Iraq, especially at Kufa. In-
corporated into the households of their captors, their children grew
up to be the largest group of mawalt of Persian origin at Kufa. Twenty
years later their sons were of fighting age. 'An had eight thousand
mawalt and slaves of the Arab clans registered in the military dtwan
at Kufa in 657, and the sons of the women captured at Jalula' fought
at the battle of Siffin.^98
The redistribution of the Persian population of Iraq by carrying
captive women and children off to the Hijaz or by relocating them in
the new Islamic garrison towns of Basra and Kufa contributed to the
depopulation of the districts east of the Tigris and added to the new
concentration of population in lower Iraq. This population was in-
creased still further by those who returned from the Hijaz and by new
Persian captives brought from the Iranian plateau. A number of the
captives taken to the Hijaz, or their children, made their way back to
Irp,q. Among the captives taken in Maysan in 635 was a certain Ar-
!aban, who converted to Islam. and ultimately settled in Basra as the
mawla of 'Abdullah ibn Durra ibn Saraq al-Muzani in the caliphate
of 'Umar I,99 The most famous example is that of al-I:Iasan al-Ba~ri,
whose father was taken captive in Maysan and brought to the Hijaz.
AI-I:Iasan was born at Madina in 642 and raised in the Wadi Qur~
north of Madina. He left in 658 when he was sixteen y~ars old and,
after a brief term in the administration of Sistan in the 660s when he
was in his twenties and as secretary for the governor of Khurasan, he
settled in Basra, where he spent the rest of his life,loo Likewise, most
of the prisoners brought back by the Muslim armies that conquered
the Iranian plateau were taken to the slave markets in Basra or Kufa
and redistributed from there. This caused the initial ethnic dislocation
produced by the killing or flight of large numbers of Persians in the
course of the conquest to be offset by a new, forced Persian immi-
gration to the cities of lower Iraq. The best known example of this is
98 DInawari, Akhbiir at-tiwiil, pp. 135-36; Tabari, Ta'r"ikh, I, 3371-72. DInawari
tells of a girl captured at Jalula' by Mi~qan ibn Tha'laba who became his umm walad.
99 Tabari, Ta'r"ikh, I, 2387; Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqiit, VII(l), 88.
100 Baladhuri, Futu!J, pp. 247, 344; C. E. Bosworth, Sistiin under the Arabs (Rome,
1968), p. 23; Ibn 'Abd Rabbihi, 'lqd, IV, 167; Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqiit, VII(l), 114; Ibn
an-Nadim, Fihrist, I, 382; Tabari, Ta'r"ikh, I, 2029, 2387.