NOTES
pp. [163–167]^
- Zhirokhov and Nicolle, “Unknown Heroes,” Part 2. He lists such encounters on 13, 18
and 29 April, in all of which “when Soviet aircraft rose to meet them, [the Israelis] obeyed
their orders and broke away.” - “Policy Background: The Soviet Union Assumes Com[b]atant Role Against Israel,”
embassy in Washington to Foreign Ministry, 28 April 1970, p. 3; Information Department
to all [Israeli] missions, 6 May 1970, both in ISA. HZ-4605/2. - William B. Quandt, Decade of Decisions: American Policy toward the Arab–Israeli Conflict,
1967–1976, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977, p. 95. He attributes the Heikal
version only to “Eg yptian sources” and concedes that “evidence in support” of the Israeli
view that the Soviet decision was taken by December 1969 “if not earlier” had already
been presented by the time of writing, citing Uri Ra’anan, “The USSR and the Middle
East: Some Reflections on the Soviet Decision-Making Process,” Orbis, 17, 3 (Fall 1973).
Quandt joined the NSC staff in 1972. - Ford, “Growth of the Soviet Commitment,” p. 121.
- Korn, Stalemate, p. 201.
- Foreign Ministry to embassy in Washington, 28 April 1970, ISA HZ-4605/2.
- Text at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/Israels+Foreign+Relations+si
nce+1947/1947–1974/14+Soviet+Involvement+in+the+War+of+Attrition-+Gov.htm - Mordechai Gazit, “Conversation of M.G. with David [Primakov] 8 October [1971],” p. 9,
ISA A-7037/17. - Personal, “top secret” letter from Arthur [Lurie], Foreign Ministry deputy director-gen-
eral, to Aharon Remez (ambassador in London, father of the present writer), undated but
before the latter’s reply on 6 May 1970, both in authors’ possession. Lurie’s letter is hand-
written, as “I’d rather not dictate [it] to a secretary.” Their exchange followed Remez’s for-
mal protest to the ministry, 2 May 1970. ISA HZ-4605/2. - Sherman, Bunkers, pp. 103, 107.
- Yodfat, Soviet Union and the Middle East, p. 91.
- Arad, 1000 ha-yamim, pp. 220–1.
- Schueftan, Attrition, pp. 251, 254–9.
- Korn, Stalemate, pp. 175ff, 190–2.
- William B. Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab–Israeli Conflict since
1967 , Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, 1993, pp. 85, 528–9n44. - Gawrych, Albatross, pp. 114–16, 125n49.
- Badry, Ramadan War, p. 45.
- For example, Maj.-Gen. N. Kupenko in Krasnaya Zvezda, 24 September 1969, quoted in
Kass, Soviet Involvement, p. 221. Her study presents this as a retort to opposition from the
“Strategic Forces” faction in the Soviet military, which belittled the importance of regional
assets “in the era of ICBMs,” in contrast to the “Theater Forces” group (which included
Gorshkov, Kasatonov and even Grechko). - Col. Vladimir Akimov, “Zaboty komanduyushchego okrugom,” http://www.vko.ru/bib-
lioteka/zaboty-komanduyushchego-okrugom - Eli Landau, Ma’ariv, 15 May 1970, p. 1.