NOTES
pp. [184–186]^
oktyabr’skoy voyny 1973 goda,” in Vartanov et al., Rukopozhatie, pp. 52–3. Following the
18 July action, Heikal was quoted by TASS as calling the downed pilot “an American cit-
izen” who “arrived in Israel early in 1967.” Krasnaya Zvezda, 23 July 1970.- Lieblich, Seasons, p. 31.
- Zolotarev et al., Rossiya, pp. 194–5.
- According to Yaremenko. The Kavkaz veterans’ website states that Tolokonikov was
awarded the Order of the Red Banner, but the commander of Air Defense turned down
a recommendation to make him an HSU. - Maj. Ranit Ron, Daily Press Department, IDF spokesman, to the authors, 22 January
2001, and verbal response to the authors’ second questionnaire. - Isabella Ginor, “Ta’alumat ha-tayyas Hetz,” Yedi’ot Ahronot, 25 April 2001, pp. 1, 5–7.
- Sharon interview on Israel Radio, 24 April 2001.
- Defense Department Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office (DPMO), “The Gulag
Study: 2005 [Fifth] Edition,” website of the National Alliance of Families for the Return
of America’s Missing Servicemen, now accessible at https://books.google.co.il/books?id
=PJVB2sdI8bEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. DPMO has since been
reorganized as Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA). - Alexander Zuyev, Fulcrum: A Top Gun Pilot’s Escape from the Soviet Empire, New York:
Warner, 1993, Chapter 8; Zuyev defected with his MiG-29 in 1989. - Copy of the Russian document provided by Mr Kass. The authors thank him and Gen.
Lajoie. - The Russian team was reconstituted by Medvedev in 2011, but the Joint Commission
reconvened only in May 2016 after an eleven-year hiatus. Mr. Kass and Gen. Lajoie had
by then retired. The Russians again denied that US personnel had been held in the Gulag,
and were willing to conduct archival research only themselves, according to specific infor-
mation to be provided by the Americans. “20th Plenum of the U.S.–Russia Joint
Commission on POW/MIAs, May 23–24, 2016, Pentagon Conference Center,
Washington, D.C.,” pp. 33, 37–8, http://www.dpaa.mil/portals/85/Documents/
USRJC/20th_Plenum_Minutes.pdf. The minutes do not mention any discussion of an
Israeli case. - Col.-Gen. Dmitry Volkogonov, Etyudy o vremeni, Moscow: ACT-Novosti, 1998, pp. 50–1;
letter to Yeltsin, 5 September 1994, pp. 361–2. - Andropov to Brezhnev, 21 May 1970, marked “approve” with Brezhnev’s signature, 25 May.
The Sevier plot was evidently one of the “operations against US and Israeli personnel ...
to obtain reliable information” that Andropov reported to Brezhnev in 1974. Isabella
Ginor, Ha’aretz, 28 August 1992, p. 1. - Two downed Israeli pilots, Peer and Avino’am Kaldas, related trying to pose as Russians
(Lieblich, Seasons, pp. 17–18, 32). Neither of them was believed, but this option appears
to have been discussed by, or even prescribed to, IAF airmen. - WSO Moshe Goldwasser was killed and his pilot Yigal Shochat seriously injured by
Eg yptian soldiers after bailing out on 3 August 1970. Shalom, Phantom, vol. 2, pp. 1091– - In the Yom Kippur War, a downed Phantom pilot was “nearly killed” by peasants with
a pitchfork; Lieblich, Seasons, p. 229.