62 Buildings V.8.9.
63 See Cameron, Procopius, 96–8; Daniel E. Caner, History and Hagiography from the Late Antique
Sinai, Translated Texts for Historians 53 (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2010),
273–82, translates and comments on Procopius’ account and that of the tenth-century Ara-
bic writer Eutychius of Alexandria (Sa’id ibn Batriq).
64 Robin Cormack, Byzantine Art (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 48–51; the mosaic
dates from between 548, when Theodora died, and 565, when Justinian died himself.
65 See Timothy E. Gregory, ‘Procopius on Greece’, Ant.tard. 8 (2000), 105–14.
66 Garth Fowden, Empire to Commonwealth. Consequences of Monotheism in Late Antiquity (Princ-
eton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
67 For the change in atmosphere see Roger Scott, ‘Malalas, the Secret History and Justinian’s
propaganda’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 39 (1985), 99–109.
68 Proc., Wars I.25; Secret History 17.38f.
69 See Peter Bell, Social Confl ict in the Age of Justinian (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011);
further Chapter 7.
70 For Italy and Spain see Moorhead, The Roman Empire Divided, 133–55; the Balkans, the
site according to Procopius of 600 fortresses: ibid., 163–71; for the exarchate, see T.S.
Brown, Gentlemen and Offi cers. Imperial Administration and Aristocratic Power in Byzantine Italy AD
554–800 (Rome: British School at Rome, 1984).
71 Roger Collins, Early Medieval Spain. Unity in Diversity, 400–1000 (London: Macmillan, 1983),
38.
72 See Brown, Gentlemen and Offi cers, chaps 1 and 2.
73 See Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis, Ravenna in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2010).
74 For this see Judith Herrin, The Formation of Christendom (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987),
121–5.
75 It is a question whether or not Procopius actually counts Justinian’s reign from 518, as
argued by the editor of Procopius, J. Haury: see R. Scott, ‘Justinian’s coinage, the Easter
reforms and the date of the Secret History’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 11 (1987) 215–
21; Cameron, Procopius, 9.
76 Secret History 23.20f.
77 See Cameron, Procopius, 62ff., and especially chap 13.
78 The apologetic Life of Eutychius, written after his death by the deacon Eustratius, and the
Syriac Ecclesiastical History by John of Ephesus, are the main sources: see Averil Cameron,
‘Eustratius’s Life of the Patriarch Eutychius and the Fifth Ecumenical Council’, in J. Chrys-
ostomides, ed., Kathegetria. Essays Presented to Joan Hussey for her 80th Birthday, (Camberley:
Porphyrogenita, 1988), 225–47; ead., ‘The Life of the Patriarch Eutychius: models of the
past in the late sixth century’, in G. Clarke, ed., Reading the Past in Late Antiquity (Rushcutters
Bay: Australian National University Press, 1990), 205–23.
79 For all three see Bell, Three Political Voices.
80 For an overview with bibliography see Joseph D. Alchermes, ‘Art and architecture in the
age of Justinian’, in Maas, Companion to the Age of Justinian, 343–75.
81 See Averil and Alan Cameron, ‘The Cycle of Agathias’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 86 (1966),
6–25; Claudia Rapp, ‘Literary culture under Justinian’, in Maas, ed., Companion to the Age of
Justinian, 376–97.
82 Procopius, Buildings I. 1.22ff.; Paul the Silentiary. Description of Hagia Sophia; translations:
Mango, Art, 72–102; see Bell, Three Political Voices, 189–212; Mary Whitby, ‘The occasion
of Paul the Silentiary’s Ekphrasis of S. Sophia’, Classical Quarterly 35 (1985), 215–28; Paul
Magdalino and Ruth Macrides, ‘The architecture of ekphrasis: the construction and context
of Paul the Silentiary’s poem on S. Sophia’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 12 (1988),
47–82.
83 On Romanos see Derek Krueger, Writing and Holiness. The Practice of Authorship in the Early
Christian East (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), chapter 8.
84 For Latin writers in Constantinople, see Averil Cameron, ‘Roman studies in sixth-century
NOTES TO CHAPTER 5