afghanistan14 See Tariq Ahmed, Religio-political Ferment in the N. W. Frontier during the
Mughal Period: The Raushaniya Movement (Delhi, 1982).
15 Jahangir, The Tuzukh-i-Jahangiri, or Memoirs of Jahangir, trans. Alexander
Rogers, ed. Annette S. Beveridge [1909–15] (Delhi, 2006), vol. i, p. 89.
16 Rahman Baba, The Nightingale of Peshawar: Selections from Rahman Baba,
trans. Jens Enevoldsen (Peshawar, 1993), p. 7.
17 Khwaja Neamat Ullah, History of the Afghans translated from the Persian
of Neamet Ullah, trans. Bernard Dorn [1829] (New York, 1969), pp. 38–42;
Mountstuart Elphinstone, An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, 2nd edn
[1839] (Karachi, 1972), vol. ii, pp. 95–6.
18 Muhammad Hayat Khan, Afghanistan and its Inhabitants, translated from
the ‘Hayat-i-Afghani’ of Muhamad Hayat Khan, trans. Henry Priestley
[1874] (Lahore, 1999), p. 57; Khan, Rise of the Saddozais, p. 33.
19 Due to intermarriage, usually with first cousins, Afghans would commonly
have several kith-kin relationships to other members of the clan or tribe,
both by birth and marriage. The suffix –zai, as in Muhammadzai, means
‘born of ’ (cf. the Scottish Mc or Mac).
20 Hayat-i-Afghani, p. 58, says Saddu’s father was ‘Omar. I have followed Khan,
Rise of the Saddozais, and the online Durrani genealogy: http://www.4dw.net/royalark.
21 Elphinstone, Kingdom of Caubul, vol. i, pp. 215, 222–6; vol. ii, p. 41.
22 Makhzan-i Afghani, p. 64; Elphinstone, Kingdom of Caubul, vol. ii, p. 96.
23 Olaf Caroe, The Pathans, 550 bc–ad 1957 (Karachi, 1958), p. 224.
24 Ibid., p. 252; Elphinstone, Kingdom of Caubul, vol. ii, p. 133.
25 Muhammad Jamil Hanifi, ‘Editing the Past, Colonial Productions of
Hegemony through the “Loya Jerga” in Afghanistan’, Iranian Studies,
xxxvi/2 (June 2004), p. 297.
26 Ina B. McCabe, The Shah’s Silk for Europe’s Silver: Eurasian Trade of the
Julfa Armenians in Safavid Iran and India (1530–1750) (Atlanta, ga, 1999),
pp. 24–5, 142–5, 166, 292.
27 François Bernier, Travels in the Mogul Empire, a.d. 1656–1668, ed. Vincent
A. Smith [1934] (Delhi, 1992), p. 184.
28 C. E. Luard and H. Hosten, ed. and trans., Travels of Fray Sebastian
Manrique, 1629–1643 (Oxford, 1927), vol. ii, pp. 260–62.
29 Elphinstone, Kingdom of Caubul, vol. ii, p. 132.
30 Tuzukh-i-Jahangiri, vol. ii, p. 240.
31 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 240, 248; Rahim, Afghans in India, pp. 279–80.
32 Ganda Singh, Ahmad Shah Durrani, 2nd edn (Lahore, 1981), p. 2;
Khan, Rise of the Saddozais, pp. 61–3; Hayat-i-Afghani, p. 59.
33 Khan, Rise of the Saddozais, p. 71.
34 Luard, Travels of Manrique, vol. ii, pp. 221–2.
35 Hayat-i-Afghani, p. 59.
36 Some sources say he was the son of Sher Muhammad Khan.
37 Khan, Rise of the Saddozais, pp. 96–101.
38 Hayat-i-Afghani, p. 63.
39 J. P. Ferrier, History of the Afghans (London, 1858), pp. 35–6. Ferrier claims
it was his grandson ’Asad Allah Khan who was raped, but ’Asad Allah was
born after Hayat Khan fled to Multan.