theGermanmilitarymissioninlate 1913 .⁶⁰Asoneofthelastremaininginstruc-
torsfromthedaysoftheoldregime,KarlImhoffremainedinOttomanservice
untiltheendof 1910 .InarticlesfortheMilitär-Wochenblatt,heprovidedinsight
intothebeginningsofthereformsintheOttomanarmyforaGermanmilitary
audience.⁶¹
WithintheOttomanofficercorpstherehadbeenadebatewhethertheGer-
manGeneralStaff’smodelwassuitablefortheOttomanmilitarysystem.Ali
İhsan[Sabis]gaveanintroductiontothehistoryandthequalificationmeasures
intheGermanarmy,beforehecametohisconclusion.Sincetheconditionswere
different,anyattempttocopytheGermanGeneralStaffwould“likeanyimita-
tion,[...]notproduceanoutcomethatwouldresembletheoneinGermany”,
therefore,“anynation”(herebytheauthorindirectlyreferredtotheOttoman
state)hadtotakemeasuresofitsowntoestablishafunctioningorganization.⁶²
However,inordertoestablishsuchanorganization,firsttheprerequisites
hadtobefulfilled.Asthearmywasdominatedbyofficerswithoutanymodern
education,thetrainingofofficerswithacademicbackgroundhadtobeenlarged.
AfterthedepositionofSultanAbdülhamidin 1909 ,theOttomanmilitaryacade-
mywasmovedtotheYıldızpalace.Thenewpremises,withtheirwidegardens,
couldeasilyaccommodatethegrowingnumberofstudents.⁶³WithGoltz’ssec-
ondadvisoryvisitin 1910 ,theBavarianofficerOttovonLossow⁶⁴wasposted
totheOttomanacademyastacticsinstructor.Instructionwasonlyinterrupted
bytheFirstBalkanWarinOctober 1912 ,whentheseniorstudentsweresent
totheÇatalcafront.⁶⁵
Therewasalsoanintensifiedtraininginthebranchofarmsspecificfacili-
ties.Theformercommanderofthecavalrymodelregimentinthethirdarmy
corpsinErzincan,ColonelFranzBopp(1860– 1928 ),⁶⁶alsogavecoursesatthe
Goltz’proposaltoemployanauthoritativeGermanGeneralforthispositionwasrejected.
GermanImperialChancellortoEmperorWilhelmII, 30 May1 909 .AA-PAR1 3254.
[Karl]Imhoff,“Kavallerie-UebungsritteinderTürkei,”MWB 11 (1909),cols. 228 – 23 1and 35
(1909):cols.7 82 – 78 4;[Karl]Imhoff,“DasneuetürkischeMilitärpensionsgesetz,”MWB 143
(1909),cols.3 244 – 3248 and 155 (1909), 3540 – 354 2.
Aliİhsan[Sabis]:“Almanya’daErkan-ıHarbZabitleriNasılYetiştiriliyorveBüyükKumanda-
laraNasılİhzarEdiliyor”[HowGeneralStaffOfficersaretrainedandhowHighCommandersare
preparedinGermany],OrduveDonanma 1 – 5( 30 Haziran 132 8/ 13 July 1912 ), 19 2.
MuharremMazlumİskora,HarpAkademileriTarihçesi 1846 – 1965 [TheHistoryoftheWar
Academy, 1846 – 194 5]vol.1.2nded.(Ankara:GenelkurmayBasımevi,1966), 45.
BayHStAIVOP 4418 5.
Anonymous,HarpOkuluTarihçesi,36.
HStAStgtM4 30 /2Bü 19 7.
42 2ThePeakofKnowledgeTransfer