638 THE END OF THE COLD WAR
SALT-II Treaty 209, 236
Sandinistas 177, 397, 398
Sasser, Jim 327
Saudi Arabia 180
Scargill, Arthur 100
Schifter, Richard 272
Schmidt, Helmut 85, 87, 88
Scowcroft, Brent 356, 363, 365, 417, 423,
480, 489, 493
Second World War 1
Secretariat see under Communist Party of
the Soviet Union
Shabanov, Vitali 275
Shakhnazarov, Georgi 63, 128, 326–7
Shatalin, Stanislav 469, 471
Shcharanski, Anatoli 20, 113, 237
Shcherbitski, Vladimir 457–8
Shebarshin, Lev 406, 482
Shevardnadze, Eduard 7, 125, 127, 135–6,
146, 159, 178–9, 183, 203–4, 237,
294, 347
and Afghan War 296–7, 331–3, 334–5,
335–8
and Africa 201, 393
and Akhromeev 349
appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs
128, 130
and Asia 378
Asian tour (1989) 381–4
and Baltic states 453, 456, 457–8, 460,
461–2
and biological weapons 466
and Castro 395
character 130–1, 135–6, 179, 251–2,
255, 269, 320, 325, 371, 453–4,
464–5, 477–8
and China–USSR relations 378–9
criticism of 465, 466, 467–8, 474
and East German political crisis
412–13
and Eastern Europe 327, 409
and Georgia 130–1, 179, 251, 253, 255,
269, 320, 325, 371, 453–4, 464–5,
474, 476
and German reunification 320, 412–13,
433–4, 448–9
and Gorbachëv 130, 131, 443, 464–5,
468–9, 470–1, 477–8, 479, 492
and Howe 308
and human rights 355
and Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces
Treaty negotiations 287–8
and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 470–1,
473, 474, 476–7
and Japanese–USSR relations 379
and Krasnoyarsk radar station 279,
280, 466
and Libyan international crisis 184
and Lithuania 483
and Malta summit 422, 423
meeting with Reagan (1985) 152
meeting with Reagan (1988) 353
and nuclear disarmament 142–3, 166,
241, 245, 247–8, 366, 369, 437
personal life 130–1
and Poland 318, 402, 405
and rapprochement with US 358
and Reagan 154, 251–3
and reform of Foreign Affairs Ministry
136–7
resignation (1990) 477–8, 478–9, 480
and Reykjavik summit 225
rivalry between Yakovlev and 468
and Romanian crisis 429
speeches to Supreme Soviet 409, 477
and Strategic Defense Initiative 194,
195, 245, 276, 277
talks and relationship with Baker 369,
375, 376–7, 431–2, 435, 437, 438,
439, 450, 479
talks and relationship with Shultz
205–6, 254–5, 364
threatens to resign (1989) 465–6
and Tbilisi massacre 371, 467
and Vietnam 380–1, 382
visit to Bonn and talks with Kohl
(1988) 309–10
visit to China and talks with Deng
Xiaoping (1989) 381–3
visit to Japan (1986) 269–70
weakness in grasping international
relations 136