The Evolution of Operational Art. From Napoleon to the Present

(Tina Meador) #1

  1. L. von M., ‘Review ofU ̈ber der Einfluss der Eisenbahnen und Telegraphen auf die
    Kriegsoperationen’,O ̈sterreichische Milita ̈rische Zeitschrift, ii, 1861, 150–4.

  2. Y. Harari, ‘Inter-Frontal Cooperation in the Fourteenth Century and Edward’s 1346
    Campaign’,War in History, 6, 1999, 379–95.

  3. Ibid., 386.

  4. See Martin van Creveld,Command in War(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
    1985), 25–6.

  5. Reproduced in G. Parker,The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659
    (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972), 104.

  6. On this, see C. Adams and R. Laurence,Travel and Geography in the Roman Empire
    (London: Taylor and Francis, 2007); P. Janni,La Mappa e Il periplo: Cartografia antica
    e spazio odologico(Rome: Giorgio Bretschneider, 1984).

  7. Frederick the Great,Milita ̈rische Schriften, ed. G. B. Holz (Berlin: Mittler, 1913),
    chapter 4.

  8. Ibid., chapter 18.

  9. See W. Erfurt,Der Vernichtungssieg. Eine Studie u ̈ber das Zusammenwirken getrennter
    Heeresteile(Berlin: Mittler, 1939), 2–9.

  10. Napoleon as quoted in C. J. F. T. Montholon (ed.),Recits de la captivite de l’empereur
    Napoleon a Sainte Helene, vol. ii (Paris: Paulin, 1847), 133–4.

  11. Carl von Clausewitz,On War, eds. M. Howard and P. Paret (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
    University Press, 1976), 245–6, 297.

  12. Ibid., 204, 290.

  13. For a good recent example, see M. Boot,War Made New: Technology, Warfare, and the
    Course of History: 1500 to Today(New York, NY: Gotham, 2006).

  14. See J. Donaldson, ‘Signalling Communications and the Roman Imperial Army’,
    Britannia, 19, 1988, 349ff.

  15. A short description of the system will be found in Martin van Creveld,Technology and
    War: From 2000 B.C. to the Present(New York, NY: Free Press, 1989), 153–6. See also J.
    R. Elting,Swords around a Throne: Napoleon’s Grande Arme ́e(New York, NY: Free
    Press, 1988), 103–5.

  16. For this entire subject, see E. W. Marsden,Greek and Roman Artillery(Oxford:
    Clarendon, 1971), 206–33, 227, 238–40; for a specific case when artillery was used in
    the field, see Tacitus,The Histories(London: Penguin, 1986), iii. 23.

  17. M. de Saxe,Reveries on the Art of War(Mineola, NY: Dover, [1757]/2007), 52–3.

  18. ‘Plan de campagne pour l’arme ́e du Rhin’, 22 March 1800,Correspondance de Napoleon
    Ier(Paris: Plon, 1863), vol. vi, no. 4694, 201.

  19. Clausewitz,On War, 301.

  20. Napoleon to Murat, 21 September 1805,Correspondance, xi, 232–3.

  21. Sixth Bulletin of the Grande Arme ́e, 18 October 1805,Correspondance, xi, 340.

  22. Elting,Swords Around a Throne, 81–102; van Creveld,Command in War, 65–8;
    D. Chandler,The Campaigns of Napoleon(New York, NY: Macmillan, 1966), 367–80.

  23. C. J. T. de Montholon (ed.),Recits de la captivite de l’empereur(London: Ridgway,
    1820), vol. I, 453.

  24. van Creveld,Command in War, 75–8.

  25. Napoleon to Berthier, 17 September 1806,Correspondance, vol. xiii, no. 10804, 201–2.

  26. Napoleon to Murat, 21 September 1805,Correspondence, xi, 232–3.

  27. Napoleon to Bessieres, 12 September 1806,Correspondance, vol. xiii, no. 10768, 174–5.

  28. Murat’s reports are printed in H. Bonnall,La Manoeuvre de Jena(Paris: Libraire
    militaire, 1904), 193.


Napoleon and the Dawn of Operational Warfare 33
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