The Swiss and Their Neighbours, 1460-1560. Between Accommodation and Aggression

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76 The Swiss and Their Neighbours, 1460–1560


the intervention of the Bernese councillor, Niklas von Scharnachtal, to get them


to withdraw.84


In April 1475 an army under von Diesbach comprising troops from Bern and


Fribourg, along with reinforcements from Luzern, Solothurn, and Basel (as a


member of the Lower Union), sought to make good the failure of the previous


autumn. It began by securing the western Vaud, capturing Grandson, Échallens,


Orbe, and Jougne as the gateway to the Franche-Comté, though no formal declar-


ation of war on Savoy was made, given its membership of the League of Moncalieri.


In the meantime some irregulars had been persuaded to divert their energies


towards the Franche-Comté, where they succeeded in taking Pontarlier, but then


had to be rescued by a relieving force under von Diesbach in the face of imminent


Burgundian attack.85 The April campaign was very much von Diesbach’s work,


determined to go it alone.86


Bern found itself the target of hostility from the other cantons. Zürich observed


sourly that Bern should have sought endorsement from the Confederal diet for


retaining troops in Pontarlier. Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Zug also argued that


a speedy withdrawal after the town had been razed would have been appropriate.87


Even in Fribourg and Bern it transpired that an aggressive strategy was not fully


accepted. In the former a majority was against offering Bern unconditional sup-


port, while in the latter the Small Council also urged circumspection. If there were


to be attacks, they should be directed against Burgundy itself, not the Vaud.88


Only the Lower Union was unswervingly in favour of pressing on regardless. It was


indeed an artillery battalion from Basel which had helped to take Grandson, and


went on to seize the Jougne pass.


A new campaign was planned for June, but its chances of success without sup-


port from the other Confederates were slim. The leading cities of the Lower Union,


Basel and Strasbourg, were prepared to offer a douceur of 10,000 fl (though the


small cities refused).89 Even the arrival of French pensions in May did not moder-


ate the cantons’ hostility: they argued that the money could be better deployed by


conquering Sargans and establishing control of the Alpine Rhine up to the


Arlberg!90 When the army finally mustered at Basel in July (only Luzern joined


Bern and its western allies), the declared aim was to destroy Blamont, one of


the  Franche-Comté’s strongest fortresses, then held as a fief by the counts of


Neuchâtel.91 Von Diesbach was eager to lead the army northwards to counter


Charles the Bold’s threat to Lorraine, but the Bernese council flatly refused. Before


he could embark upon any further escapades, von Diesbach succumbed to the


plague in August, only days before Blamont at last surrendered.92


In these operations we hear little of the Vaud, apart from those fortresses held


by  the counts of Chalon as Burgundian vassals. Bern’s proposals at Lausanne in


84 Bittmann, Memoiren, 796.
85 Stettler, Eidgenossenschaft, 248; Bittmann, Memoiren, 799, 806.
86 Bittmann, Memoiren, 833. 87 EA II, 538–9 (no. 788) (April 1475).
88 Bittmann, Memoiren, 836. 89 Bittmann, Memoiren, 843.
90 Bittmann, Memoiren, 847–8, 856. 91 Bittmann, Memoiren, 864.
92 Bittmann, Memoiren, 876–7.
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