- See John Kelsay, “Al- Shaybani and the Islamic Law of War,” 2 J. Military Ethics
63– 75 (2003), 69– 70. - Efraim Karsh, Islamic Imperialism: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 2006), 67– 69. - Concerning the Truce of Hudaybiyya, see W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad:
Prophet and Statesman (London: Oxford University Press, 1961), 182– 88. For the allu-
sion to the event in the Quran, see sura 48: 10. - Bernard Lewis, Th e Muslim Discovery of Eu rope ( Ne w Yor k : W. W. Nor t on ,
1982), 62. - Khadduri, ed., Islamic Law of Nations, 12– 13.
- Lewis, Muslim Discovery, 61.
- Ibid., 62.
- For Shaybani’s exposition of the law of aman, see Khadduri, ed., Islamic Law of
Nations, 158– 68. - Lewis, Muslim Discovery, 62– 63.
- For Shaybani’s exposition of the law on bughat, see Khadduri, ed., Islamic Law of
Nations, 230– 46. See also Khaled Abou El Fadl, Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 237– 49. - Wilhelm G. Grewe, ed., Fontes Historiae Juris Gentium: Sources Relating to the
History of the Law of Nations, vol. 1 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1988), 351. - R. W. Dyson, ed. and trans., Giles of Rome’s On Ecclesiastical Power: A Medieval
Th eory of World Government (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004 [ca. 1300]),
- Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 1, 353.
- Innocent IV on the Legal Status of Infi dels (1243), in ibid., 348– 50.
- Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 1, 348– 49.
- James Muldoon, Popes, Lawyers, and Infi dels: Th e Church and the Non- Christian
World 1250– 1550 (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1970), 153. Th e author adds
that there would be no real point in doing this. - Sermon of Urban II (1095), as reported by Robert the Monk, in A. Brundage,
Th e Crusades: A Documentary Survey (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press,
1962), 17– 20. - See Frederick H. Russell, Th e Just War in the Middle Ages (Ca mbridge: Ca m-
bridge University Press, 1975), 199– 200. - John of Legnano, Tractatus de Bello, de Represaliis et du Duello, ed. T. E. Holland
and trans. J. L. Brierly (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1917 [ca. 1360]), 232; and Hon-
oré Bonet, Th e Tree of Battles of Honoré Bonet, trans. G. W. Coopland (Liverpool: Liv-
erpool University Press, 1949 [1387]), 127. See also Russell, Just War, 114 – 15. - Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 1, 631– 37.
- Norman Housley, Th e Later Crusades, 1274– 1580: From Lyons to Alcazar (Ox-
ford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 288.
500 Notes to Pages 96–103