562 Bibliographic EssayStates (ed. by Hedley Bull; Leicester University Press, 1977), while not a legal work,
nevertheless contains much valuable material at 73– 109.
Th ere are several major collective works. Bardo Fassbender and Anne Peters (eds.),
Th e Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law (Oxford University Press,
2012) is a notable contribution. Its focus is thematic rather than chronological, pri-
marily covering the modern (i.e., postmedieval) period, with no detailed treatment of
ancient societies and little of the Eu ro pe an Middle Ages. Alexander Orakhelashvili
(ed .), Research Handbook on the Th eory and History of International Law (Edward El-
gar, 2011) contains much of interest, although its balance is rather more heavily on
theory than on history.
Th ere are many works that deal with par tic u lar themes or topics in international
law from a historical point of view. On arbitration, see Jackson H. Ralston, Interna-
tional Arbitration from Athens to Locarno (Stanford University Press, 1929). On war,
see Stephen C. Neff , War and the Law of Nations: A General History (Ca mbridge
University Press, 2005). On neutrality, see Stephen C. Neff , Th e Rights and Duties of
Neutrals: A General History (Manchester University Press, 2000); Carl J. Kulsrud,
Maritime Neutrality to 1780: A History of the Main Principles Governing Neutrality
and Belligerency to 1780 (Little, Brown, 1936); and Philip C. Jessup and Francis Deák,
Neutrality: Its History, Economics and Law. Th e Origins (Columbia University Press,
1935). On peace treaties, see Randall Lesaff er (ed.), Peace Treaties and International
Law in Eu ro pe an History: From the Late Middle Ages to World War One (Ca mbridge
University Press, 2004). On diplomatic immunity, see Linda S. Frey and Marsha L.
Frey, Th e History of Diplomatic Immunity (Ohio State University Press, 1999). On the
law of the sea, see R. P. Anand, Origin and Development of the Law of the Sea: History
of International Law Revisited (Martinus Nijhoff , 1983), which is notable for giving
substantial coverage to non- European experiences. See also J. K. Oudendijk, Status
and Extent of Adjacent Waters: A Historical Orientation (Sijthoff , 1970). On economic
relations, see Stephen C. Neff , Friends but No Allies: Economic Liberalism and the Law
of Nations (Columbia University Press, 1990). On human rights, see Micheline R.
Ishay, Th e History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era
(University of California Press, 2008). On the codifi cation of international law, see
Ernest Nys, “Th e Codifi cation of International Law,” 5 AJIL 871– 900 (1911); and R. P.
Dhokalia, Th e Codifi cation of Public International Law (Manchester University Press,
1970). On the concept of legal personality, see Janne Elisabeth Nijman, Th e Concept of
International Legal Personality: An Inquiry into the History and Th eory of Interna-
tional Law (T. M. C. Asser Press, 2004), a book that ranges more broadly than its title
would suggest.
On natural law, a major theme of this history, there is surprisingly little material
that is oriented to a general readership. For a general overview of natural law, probably
the best existing work is Clarence J. Glacken, Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and
Culture in Western Th ought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eigh teenth Century
(University of California Press, 1967), although it does not attempt to cover interna-