Bibliographic Essay 575Legal, Historical and Philosophical Perspectives, 101– 24 (Cambridge University Press,
2007), 110– 14.
On Suárez, see Josef Soder, Francisco Suárez und das Völkerrecht: Grundgedanken
zu Staat, Recht und internationalen Beziehungen (Alfred Metzner, 1973). For an older
biography in En glish, see Joseph H. Fichter, Man of Spain: Francisco Suárez (Macmil-
lan, 1940). See also Brian Tierney, “Vitoria and Suárez,” 114– 24; Matthias Lutz-
Bachmann, “Th e Concept of the Normativity of Law: ‘Ius Gentium’ in the Writings of
Francisco Suárez and Th omas Aquinas,” in Th ilo Marauhn and Heinhard Steiger
(ed s.), Universality and Continuity in International Law, 235– 47 (Eleven Interna-
tional, 2011), 235– 42; Arthur Nussbaum, A Concise History of the Law of Nations (2nd
ed.; Macmillan, 1954), 84– 91; Kennedy, “Primitive Legal Scholarship,” 40– 57; James
Brown Scott, “Francisco Suárez: His Philosophy of Law and of Sanctions,” 22 George-
town L. J. 405– 518 (1934); and Paul Guggenheim, “Contributions à l’histoire des
sources du droit des gens,” 94 RdC 1– 84 (1958), 20– 27.
Hugo Grotius has attracted the most attention of writers of this period. To consult
the leading work on Grotius’s life and thought, knowledge of Dutch is necessary. See
H. J. M. Nellen, Hugo de Groot: Een Leven in Strijd om de Vrede, 1583– 1645 (Amster-
dam: Balans, 2007). In En glish, see W. S. M. Knight, Th e Life and Works of Hugo Gro-
tius (Sweet and Maxwell, 1925); Edward Dumbauld, Th e Life and Legal Writings of
Hugo Grotius (University of Oklahoma Press, 1969); and Charles S. Edwards, Hugo
Grotius, the Miracle of Holland: A Study in Legal and Po liti cal Th ought (Nelson- Hall,
1981). Excellent short summations of Grotius’s ideas may be found in Nussbaum, Con-
cise History, 107– 14; and Hinsley, Sovereignty, 186– 93. In the Introduction to Hugo
Grotius in On the Law of War and Peace (ed. by Stephen C. Neff ; Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 2012), xiii– xxxv, the stress is placed on Grotius as the heir to traditions of
the past. Peter Haggenmacher, Grotius et la doctrine de la guerre juste (Presses univer-
sitaires de France, 1983) also sees Grotius as a continuer of the Scholastic tradition.
For Grotius as a pioneer of modern thought, see Richard Tuck, Th e Rights of War and
Peace: Po liti cal Th ought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Ox ford
University Press, 1999), 78– 108.
For close attention to Grotius’s role in international law and international relations,
see Wight, Four Seminal Th inkers, 29– 61; Hedley Bull, Adam Roberts, and Benedict
Kingsbury (eds.), Hugo Grotius and International Relations (Clarendon Press, 1990);
John Murphy, “Th e Grotian Vision of World Order,” 76 AJIL 477– 98 (1982); and Ken-
nedy, “Primitive Legal Scholarship,” 76– 95. A classic treatment of this topic is H.
Lauterpacht, “Th e Grotian Tradition in International Law,” 23 BYIBL 1– 53 (1946). For
an updated consideration of the subject, see Randall Lesaff er, “Th e Grotian Tradition
Revisited— Change and Continuity in the History of International Law,” 73 BYBIL
103– 39 (2002). For contributions by a range of Japa nese scholars, see Yasuaki Onuma
(ed .), A Normative Approach to War: Peace, War, and Justice in Hugo Grotius (Ox ford
University Press, 1993). For Grotius’s position on just wars, the leading work is