600 Bibliographic EssayTh e Jurisprudence of the Iran– United States Claims Tribunal: An Analysis of the Deci-
sions of the Tribunal (Clarendon Press, 1996); and Wayne Mapp, Th e Iran– United
States Claims Tribunal: Th e First Ten Years, 1981– 1991 (Manchester University Press,
1993).
On the contributions of Th omas Franck to legal thought, see David Kennedy, “Tom
Franck and the Manhattan School,” 35 N.Y.U. J Int’l L. and Pol. 397– 435 (2003); and
Janne Elisabeth Nijman, Th e Concept of International Legal Personality: An Inquiry
into the History and Th eory of International Law (T. M. C. Asser Press, 2004), 407– 27.
His own major works include Th omas M. Franck, Th e Power of Legitimacy among Na-
tions (Oxford University Press, 1990); Fairness in International Law and Institutions
(Clarendon Press, 1995); and Th e Empowered Self: Law and Society in the Age of Indi-
vidualism (Oxford University Press, 1999).
On critical legal studies, an excellent (and critical) overview is Nigel Purvis, “Criti-
cal Legal Studies in Public International Law,” 32 Harvard Int’l L. J. 81– 127 (1991). Th e
movement’s major contribution to the fi eld continues to be Martti Kosenniemi, From
Apology to Utopia: Th e Structure of Legal Argument (Cambridge University Press,
1989). For notable expositions by its leading champion, see David Kennedy, “Interna-
tional Legal Education,” 26 Harvard Int’l L. J. 361– 84 (1985); “A New Stream of Inter-
national Law Scholarship,” 7 Wis. Int’l L. J. 1– 49 (1988); “Th eses about International
Legal Discourse.,” 23 GYBIL 353– 91 (1980); and “Th e Mystery of Global Governance,”
in Jeff rey L. Dunoff and Joel P. Trachtman (eds.), Ruling the World? Constitutionalism,
International Law, and Global Governance, 37– 68 (Cambridge University Press,
2009). For a vivid pre sen ta tion of the skepticism of the critical school toward human
rights law, see David Kennedy, Th e Dark Sides of Virtue: Reassessing International
Humanitarianism (Prince ton University Press, 2004), 8– 35. For further writing in
this vein, see James Boyle, “Ideals and Th ings: International Legal Scholarship and the
Prison- House of Language,” 26 Harvard Int’l L. J. 327– 59 (1985).
Th e major works of Philip Allott are Eunomia: A New Order for a New World (Ox-
ford University Press, 1990); and Th e Health of Nations: Society and Law beyond the
State (Cambridge University Press, 2002). For lucid commentary on his work, see
Cornelius F. Murphy, Th eories of World Governance: A Study in the History of Ideas
(Catholic University Press of America, 1999), 121– 38. See also Iain Scobbie, “ ‘Th e
Holiness of the Heart’s Aff ection’: Philip Allott’s Th eory of Social Idealism,” in Alex-
ander Orakhelashvili (ed.), Research Handbook on the Th eory and History of Interna-
tional Law, 168– 95 (Edward Elgar, 2011).
Constitutionalism has become the dominant fi eld in international law, at least
judging by the amount of writing and the number of people professing one form or
another of it. For an excellent overall summation of it, see Anne Peters, “Global Con-
stitutionalism Revisited,” 11 Int’l Legal Th eory 39– 67 (2005), especially 48– 58. Prob-
ably the best single exposition is Bruno Simma, “From Bilateralism to Community
Interest in International Law,” 250 RdC 217– 384 (1994). See also Jeff rey L. Dunoff and