INDEx • 271Balfour Declaration, 45, 66, 179, 236,
241, 244
Balkan wars, 120n101
Banton, Michael, 5n7
Bar Giora, 123
Bar Kokhba, 53, 70, 219, 220
Barzilay, Isaac, 56n63
Bashkin, Orit, 37n80
Batnitzky, Leora, 56
bedel-i askeri, 23
Bedouin, 31, 123, 124
Beer Sheba, 88
Beirut, 17, 26–29, 43, 202
Beisan Valley, 88
Belgium, 29, 183
Ben-Attar, Hayyim, 129n129
Ben-Bassat, Yuval, 19n13
Benedict xV, 237n8
Ben-Gurion, David, 96, 123; and Ben-Zvi,
123; “Clarifying Our Political Situa-
tion,” 120–22; Erets yisroel in fargangen-
heit un gegenvart, 123, 124, 126
Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer (Perelman), 24, 118;
anniversary celebration of, 129; and
Arabic literacy, 188; Arabs in news-
papers of, 102, 103; attitude toward
Arabs, 127; background of, 1; and bor-
ders of identity, 112; and Christians as
non- Arabs, 107–8; and de Boton, 100;
and distinctions between groups, 111;
and Europe, 29; and haskamah, 67–68;
and Hebrew, 99, 100; and M. R. al-
Khalidi, 1, 10, 15, 19, 39; library of,
46n26; and Mendelssohn, 61n83; and
Muslims as enemies of Christians, 109;
and Nahḍa, 29; and nationalism,
35n74; and religion in newspapers, 99,
100; as representative of Jewish com-
munity, 4; and ha-Ẓevi, 96
Ben-Yehuda, Hemda, 108n53
Ben-Yehuda, Itamar Ben-Avi, 108n53
Ben-Zvi, Rachel Yanaʾit, 96, 123
Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak, 96, 123–26, 237; Erets
yisroel in fargangenheit un gegenvart,
123, 124, 126; ha-Tenuʿah ha-ʿarvit (The
Arab Movement), 123
Berakhot, 203
Bernasconi, Robert, 27
Bezalel, Yitzhak, 97, 98
Bibas, Rahamim, 112, 113
Bible, Christian: and M. R. al-Khalidi,
235; and Moyal, 206–8, 209; and Sep-
tuagint, 212
Bible, Christian, books of: Gospel of John,
206; New Testament (al-injīl), 71, 73,
75, 88n167, 205, 206–8, 209, 235; Ro-
mans, 206n79
Bible, Hebrew, 18; and Amalekites, 144;
and archaeology, 169–72; basis of Zion-
ism in, 76; European criticism of, 164;
European research on, 172; European
scholarship on, 161, 162; in al-Hilāl,
169, 170, 171; historicity of, 169–72;
and M. R. al-Khalidi, 43, 46, 51–52, 71,
75, 76n129, 77–80, 84; Makaryus on,
173; and N. Malul, 226; and Moyal,
201, 202, 212; in al-Muqtaṭaf, 169–72;
Muslims on corruption of, 212; origins
and historicity of, 133; and prophecy,
77–80; prophets of, 70; and racial link
between Arabs and Jews, 144–45; and
Rida, 152; Septuagint, 210, 211–12;
and E. Zaydan, 132, 180; and Zionism,- See also Torah
Bible, Hebrew, books of: Daniel, 71; Deu-
teronomy 6:4, 116; Ezekiel, 51, 52;
Isaiah, 76, 84, 217; Lamentations, 51;
Psalms, 51
Bilu movement, 35n74
Bliss, Daniel, 30n58
B’nai Brith, 46n26
Brenner, Yosef Hayim, 93n1
bribery, 87
British Palestine Society, 179
Brugman, J., 42n10
Brunswick Conference (1844), 62n88
Bulgaria, 242, 243
Bulgarians, 21
Byzantines, 40, 124
Cairo, 26–29, 112, 131
Capitulations, 21–22, 31; as term, 22n23