INDEx • 279Levy, Lisa Lital, 200n60
Lewis, Bernard, 19n14
Lewis, Edwin, 26–27
Likhovski, Assaf, 238–39
Lockman, Zachary, 35–36n76, 45n20
London Society for Promoting Christian-
ity amongst the Jews, 29–30
Lott, Tommy, 27
Ludvipol, Abraham, 195–97
Luzzatti, Luigi, 183
Macalister, R. A. Stewart, 170
Maccabees, 218–19
MacDonald, Ramsay, 244
Maimonides, Moses, 66, 200, 204, 213n103
Makaryus, Shahin, 134, 135, 148; and
al-Muqtaṭaf, 178; “The Origin and Lin-
eage of the Jews,” 139–40; Rida on,
177–78; and Suares, 146, 176–77;
Tārīkh al-isrā ʾīliyyīn (History of the
Israelites), 11, 139–40, 144–45, 173–
78; and Zionism, 175–78, 179
Makdisi, Ussama, 22, 30n58
Malul, Moshe (Musa) Hayyim, 189–90
Malul, Nissim, 192, 194; on Arab culture
as minor, 197–98; “The Arabic Press,”
231; articles for Arabic press, 196;
background of, 189–91; and Christian-
ity, 222, 224, 226, 227; and creation of
Arabic newspaper, 195, 197; and Islam,
222, 224–25, 226–27; and Jewish his-
tory, 225–26, 228; and Judaism, 222–
33; Kitāb asrār al-yahūd (The Book of
the Secrets of the Jews), 10, 11, 12,
221–32; and Ludvipol, 196; and reli-
gion, 10, 222, 224–28, 233–34; and
Zionism, 222, 229, 231, 233
al-Manār (The Beacon), 133, 134–35,
157, 158, 159, 184; challenge to Juda-
ism in, 161–62; as Islamic journal,
136n19; and pro- vs. anti-Jewish views,
136–37; and Qurʾan, 151, 154, 161,
162; race in, 9; and racial link between
Jews and Arabs, 148–49; religious tol-
eration in, 151–54; and Rida, 11. See
also Rida, Muhammad Rashid
Mandate for Palestine, 12n16, 16, 45, 66,
236, 237–45
Mandel, Neville, 24n32, 90, 186n3,
193n37
al-Maqrizi, Ahmad ibn ʻAlī, 144
Margoliouth, David Samuel, Cairo, Jerusa-
lem, and Damascus, 171–72
Maronites, 33
Marx, Karl, 183
Mary, 73, 74
Mashbek, Eftim Effendi, 136
Masie, Aaron Meir, 104
Masterman, E.W.G., 179
Mecca, 168
Mekteb-i Mülkiye (School of Civil Ser-
vice), 44
Mendelssohn, Moses: Jerusalem, 56, 58;
and Jewish religion vs. nationhood,
56–59; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 54–64, 66,
87, 91, 139; and Michaelis, 58–59
Mendes, Dr., 173
messiah, 52, 59, 69–70, 74, 163
Michaelis, Johann David, 58–59
Midrash Abravanel, 46n26
military service. See Ottoman Empire
millet system. See Ottoman Empire
mishnah, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207, 213
missionaries. See Christian missionaries
mizraḥim, 36
money, 166, 167; and al-Hilāl, 155–57,
175; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 76, 80–82,
84, 87–89; and Malul, 228, 230, 231;
and Rida, 162, 163, 166. See also
finance
Mongols, 15, 124
Moses, 78, 79n141, 152, 161, 163, 164,
239; authorship of, 170; and Jewish
Oral Law, 203, 213–14; and Moyal, 199
moshavot (agricultural colonies), 33, 76
Moskovskie vedomosti, 110, 111
Mount Lebanon, 22
Mount of Olives, 170
Moyal, Esther al-Azhari, 189
Moyal, Shimon, 187, 191, 194–95; at-
Talmūd, 10, 11, 12, 43, 77–78, 79, 80–82,
186, 198–221, 226; background of, 189;