Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia

erroneous ways and urging conformity with Gallican and Roman usages. A synod of southern Irish clerics, which was convened in re ...

PATRICK The Letters survive in eight manuscripts: the earliest giving an abridged text copied at the beginning of the ninth cent ...

PATRICK who struggled to express himself in a language he could not master, his two extant Letters are, not by Ciceronian standa ...

PENITENTIALS ———.Four Latin Lives of St. Patrick, Scriptores Latini Hiber- niae VIII. Dublin: The Institute for Advanced Studies ...

and requiring suitable medicines prescribed by a physician. The monastery was the place where these received chronic therapy fol ...

PERSONAL NAMES After Columbanus there were some more Irish Christians who pursued the peregrinatio pro Christo , such as Fursa o ...

small one”), Baíthéne (“the little simpleton”), and Lonngargán (“the fierce and eager one”). Such nick- names could also be adde ...

PLACENAMES experiences—their texts usefully assembled by Shane Leslie in 1932. The cave was closed in 1632, but not before many ...

PLACENAMES are most numerous in areas in which Irish is, or was until recently, spoken. A few dozen Irish placenames can be trac ...

PLUNKETT General Alphabetical Index to the Townlands and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland—Based on the Census of Ireland ...

In 1484 Bishop Thomas Barrett, as envoy of Richard III, singled out Sir Oliver and Sir Alexander Plunkett for their valour in re ...

POETRY, HIBERNO-LATIN References and Further Reading Mac Cotter, Paul, and Nicholls, Kenneth. “Sir John ‘The White Poer.’” The P ...

contains a collection of poems in Latin (31) and English (17), written in an Irish Franciscan milieu. The collection also contai ...

POETRY, IRISH tales, such as has been claimed for the Táin Bó Cuailgne (“The Cattle Raid of Cooley”) (the earliest version dated ...

poetry, for instance concerning his imprisonment by Brian Ó Briain, and, though an amateur, who had been a student of Gofraidh F ...

POPULATION distinction existed between the two. Until the thir- teenth century the poet was distinct from the bard through his p ...

POPULATION Scotland began around 500 C.E. when the royal fam- ily of Dál Riata, under Fergus son of Erc, abandoned Dunseverick a ...

PORTS PORTS Although saints’ lives and other monastic sources have occasional references to ships and trade and cer- tain of the ...

PORTS his Anglo Norman allies. It was walled in the four- teenth century, but little is recorded of its ships or trade before th ...

PRE-CHRISTIAN IRELAND PRE-CHRISTIAN IRELAND Sources Because literacy arrived only with conversion to Chris- tianity from the fif ...