Hatshepsut 45– 46
Hector 62
Heger 1 type drums 112see alsoDongson
culture
Hellespont (Dardanelles) 59, 61– 62
hemp 122, 135
Herodotus 10, 22, 32, 50, 111; cinnamon
92; Colaeus 65; Eurasian steppe peoples
126 – 27, 135; frankincense 91; gold in
India 97; gold in Siberia 126; silent trade
for gold 66
hides and skins 4, 8, 16, 60; Africa export
139; Black Sea export 71, 126; China
121 – 22; Egypt import 43, 45; northern
Europe export 69, 78, 82
Himalaya Mountains 92–93, 107, 122
Himilco 66
Himyarite kingdom 100
Hindu Kush Mountains 34, 38, 127
Hippalos 87
Hippocrates 91
hippopotamus teeth 54, 61
Hiram 49
Hittite Empire 31, 49, 58; Trojan War 60,
62
hoards 7, 37
Homer 60
honey: Black Sea export 71; Canaanite
export 47; Egypt export 43; for
medicinal purposes 91
horses 3, 17, 48; Arabia 104; Black Sea 71;
China import 121–22, 124, 126, 134;
Egypt 74; Han Wudi 131–33; India 90,
132; nomadic pastoralists 125; Roman
Empire 78; Sumatra 116; Troy 61
Hungary 18, 20, 125
Huns 133
Hyperboreans 22, 127
Iathrib (Medina) 101
Iceland 69
Ichthyophagi 99, 104
Ili River and valley 127, 130– 32
Iliad 59 – 61
imports and exports 3, 17, 24–25; Egypt
41; Greece 68, 72; India 35, 95; Roman
Empire 77
Inanna 38
incense 43, 55, 90, 96, 115, 117
Incense Road 100–102, 138, 143
India 6, 9, 23, 28, 46, 58, 125; center of
maritime zone 120, 140; China 116–17,
125; east coast rise 118; as economic
powerhouse 85; gold production and
import 97; Gupta Empire 138; horses
import 132; India Beyond the Ganges
110 – 11; ivory export 93; as
manufacturing center 142; between
Mauryan and Gupta empires 52;
Melukha 33, 36, 143; monsoons 88,
104; northern ports 105; pearls
export 94; pepper export 91–92;
Roman Empire 90; Southeast Asia
112 – 15; ship construction 85–86; silk
95; tin import 96; wine and aromatics
imports 102
Indian Ocean 6, 9–10, 19, 32, 75, 84–85,
100; Chinese treasurefleets in 140;
Dutch and English in 142; lapis exports
from 38–39; Portuguese in 141–42;
Ptolemy’s map 110; Roman Empire 89,
93, 95; shells from 15; textiles 94
indigo 94, 106
Indonesia 85, 112, 114, 120
Indus River and delta 33–34, 85, 94, 106,
128, 134
industrialization 142
Iran 25–26, 30, 40, 71; bronze 34; lapis
lazuli 38; obsidian 20;see alsoPersia and
Persians
Ireland 16, 75; Himilco’s expedition 66;
maritime route 69
iron 21, 60; Axum import 100; China 122,
124; for gold 100; Greece 68, 71; India
95 – 96; Phoenician-Assyrian 64; Roman
Empire 78, 96; Southeast Asia 111– 12
Iron Age 58, 69, 111, 123
Irtjet 43
Isaiah 63
Israel: ancient 50; modern 14
Issedones 126–27, 131
Issyk Kul 127, 130
Italy 16, 18; amber 22; obsidian 20;
Roman Empire 75, 78; wine 80, 95
ivory 48, 57, 63, 139; Axum export 100;
Egypt 71; furniture inlaid 42, 69; India
export 34, 106–7; Nubia export 40, 43;
Punt export 45; Rhapta export 103;
Southeast Asia 110–11, 116; Sumer
import 33, 39; Syria export 47;
Uluburun shipwreck 54; walrus 126jade 34, 115, 121–22, 124, 134
Jade Gate 122, 132– 33154 Index