Jade Road 122, 127, 134–35, 143
Java 110, 116– 20
Jehosaphat 50
Jesus 91
jewelry and personal decoration 3; Axum
import 100; Bronze Age 17, 21–22;
Egypt export 47, 57; Greek and Etruscan
69; Harappans 34; lapis lazuli 37;
Mesopotamia 25; Paleolithic period 14;
Phoenician 64; Roman Empire 78, 81;
Southeast Asia 113, 115–16; tortoise
shell 94
Kane 104– 5
Kanesh 29, 31, 143
Karum 31
Kashmir 93
Kattigata 111
Kazakhstan 127
Kerala 92, 95
Khuan Lukpad 116
Kingdom of Woman 121
Kirradai 108
kola nuts 139
Koptos 99
Kra, Isthmus of 114, 118–20, 143
Kunlun Mountains 122, 131
Kush 43, 71, 75
Kushan Empire and Kushans 94–95, 106,
116, 118, 128, 135
Kyrgyzstan 127
lacquer and lacquerware 116, 122, 124
Laodicea 95
lapis lazuli 37–39, 49, 134, 136; Egypt
import 48; India re-export 34, 95, 106
latifundias 77, 79, 81
Latvia 21
lead 96, 106
leather products 25, 35, 82
Lebanon 41, 46; wood source 25, 28;see also
Canaanite; Levant; Phoenician
Lemnos 60
letters of credit 73
Levant 57, 61, 63; Egypt 41, 46; Greece
67 – 68; Indian Ocean 84, 89
linen 94–95, 100, 106
Lipari 20
livestock 63, 122
Lixus 65
Loire River 69, 76
Lu Buwei 123
Luoyang 109– 10Maadi 40
mace 115, 119
Madagascar 86, 93, 103
Madeira 66
Magan (Oman) 33, 35–36, 96
Magellan, Ferdinand 141
Magnus Sinus 111
Malabar Coast 85, 107– 8
malabathrum 92, 108, 122
Malacca Straits 84, 111, 118– 19
Malay Peninsula and Malays 84, 110, 112,
116, 118; aloeswood source 115; cassia
93; gold source 113; Isthmus of Kra 114;
monsoon sailors 86; tin source 96;
tortoise shell source 122
Maldive Islands 93
Manchuria 111
Marcus Aurelius 109– 10
marble: Greece 78; Southeast Asia 111;
Troy 59
Mari 28, 41
maritime law 78
market and the market system 2, 4, 26, 69,
81; forces 67; price setting 142
Massilia (Marseilles) 68–69, 74, 79–80, 89
meats 69, 77–78, 80
medicine and drugs 3, 8, 56, 90; camphor
used in 115; China import 117;
cinnamon used in 92; Egypt export 87;
Greeks sought 68, 71; nard used in 93;
nomadic pastoralists import 125; storax
used in 96; turtle egg shell used in 94
Mediterranean Sea and basin 6, 11, 32,
120, 125; amber 21, 63, 73, 84; eastern
10, 54, 59, 67, 69, 71, 88, 118; Egypt
40; India imports 95; Roman Empire 76,
79; shells 15; silk 135; western 64–65,
68
Mekong River and delta 115, 120
Melos 20– 21
Melukha 33, 36, 143
Mentuhotep III 45
Mesopotamia 6–7, 19, 134; China 131;
civilization in 24–26; copper import 33;
decline 139; Egypt comparison 40; hub
of trade system 28, 32
Messina, Straits of 68
metals 3, 8, 17–18, 57, 96, 137–38;
Akkadian policy 29; China import 122;
Egypt import 74; Greeks sought 68;Index 155