Burnt by the Sun. The Koreans of the Russian Far East - Jon K. Chang
206 Notes to Pages 25–30
- Marshall, Rus sian General Staf, 93. For more detailed information on the Japa-
nese spy networks, see Kuromiya and Mamoulia, “Anti- Russian and Anti- Soviet Subver-
sion, 1415–14 4 0.
- Wolff, “Intelligence Intermediaries, 309.
- Pavlov, “Rus sia and Korea in 1904–1905, 164–166.
- Wolff, “Intelligence Intermediaries,” 314, 318–319.
- Sergeev, Rus sian Military Intelligence in the War with Japan, 109. M. T. Kim con-
firmed that it was Khan Myon She (born Andrei Abramovich Khan/Han) who had served;
see Kim, Koreiskie, 69. Khan Myon She will be spelled as Khan or Han, as diff er ent lit er a tures
have distinct spellings.
- J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 79, and Paine, The Sino- Japanese War of 1894–
1895, 281.
- A. N. Kuropatkin, Zadachi Russkoi armii, vol. 3 (1910; repr., Tokyo: WAKO
Print Center Co., 1969), 125–126.
- Arsenev’s diary note was dated 1906, while the Anosov’s Krasnoe znamia article
was published in 1927; see following notes.
- “Nado razreshit koreiskii vopros,” Krasnoe znamia, February 13, 1927, no. 36
(1949).
- Ossendowski, Man and Mystery in Asia, 93.
- Shirokogoroff, Social Or ga ni za tion of the Northern Tungus, 91.
- Igor R. Saveliev and Yuri S. Pestushko, “Dangerous Rapprochement: Rus sia and
Japan in the First World War, 1914–1916, “ Acta Slava Iaponica 18 (2001): 25.
- Kuropatkin, Zadachi Russkoi armii, 253. Arsenev, in 1928/1934 during Soviet
korenizatsiia, saw the same threat in Asia. He stated, “On our borders looms over us one-
third of the world’s population totaling 600 million of the yellow races”; see Arsenev,
“Doklad,” 101. Both conflated the po liti cal loyalties of East Asians, lumping them into one
undifferentiated “yellow” enemy. Also see J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 79–80.
- Pan- Asianism’s unity of “Lips and Teeth,” which referred to the unity of cause
and culture between China, Korea, and Japan, was very much an “ imagined community”;
see Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, rev. ed. (London: Verso, 2003). For the con-
struction of the “white peril,” see Frank Dikotter, The Discourse of Race in Modern China
(London: Hurst & Co., 1992), 71–77, 110–112.
- Chung Gun An, “A Treatise on Peace in East Asia,” trans. Dr. Henry Chang,
National Japa nese Diet (Library), http:// www. ndl. go. jp / site nippon / kensei / shiryou / limage
/ Gazou 40 _ 3. html (accessed November 4, 2009), 1–5.
- Toropov, Koreitsy, 151. Toropov referred to these Koreans as those without visa
registrations (bez bilety).
- Lohr, Nationalizing the Rus sian Empire, 51.
- The trial of Tilmans confirmed the absolutely “German character” of his com-
pany and its “criminal activity,” which, however, could not be described. Tilmans had been
a Rus sian subject for over thirty years, and his firm had served Rus sia ably during the
Russo- Japanese War. See Fuller, The Foe Within, 202. For other poignant examples of the
plight of the Russian- Germans during Rus sia’s First World War deportations, see Gatrell,
A Whole Empire Walking, 16–18, 21–25, and Nolde, Rus sia in the Economic War, 82–91.
- Eric Lohr stated, “The enemy alien and Jewish diasporas were generally more
successful in their trades, professions, and farming than Rus sians.... So there was a
power f ul socio- economic grounding and logic to the war time campaign, which was firmly
rooted in a program to assert and promote ‘Rus sians’ and ‘Rus sia’ against alien others who
