Notes to Pages 30–35 207
held desired ‘dominant’ positions in the imperial economy and society.” See Lohr, Nation-
alizing the Rus sian Empire,164.
- Lohr, “Population Policy and Emigration Policy in Imperial Rus sia,” 178–179.
- See Fuller, The Foe Within, 259.
- Hara, “The Korean Movement in the Rus sian Maritime Province, 1905–1922,” 6.
- Ibid., 7.
- Ibid., 8.
- Koreans were not deported from the RFE during the “ Great War” because Ja-
pan and the Japa nese Empire (including Korea) fought on the side of the Entente Powers
(alongside Britain, France, Rus sia, and others) during the war.
- Weeks, Nation and State in Late Imperial Rus sia, 8.
- Geraci, Win dow on the East, 30, 350.
- The term is a direct translation from Rus sian meant to include both men and
women.
- See title.
CHAPTER 3 : INTERVENTION, 1918 – 1922
- Stalin, Marxism, 210.
- J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 121. Lenin called POWs the “bacilli of Bolshe-
vism” because the Bolsheviks recruited them for “internationalist” regiments to be sent
back to their countries of origin and to lead the world socialist revolution.
- Werth, “The Red Terror,” 62, 79. Pages 53–80 give a detailed description of the
early “Red terror” and “war communism” tactics.
- Stolberg, “Japa nese Strategic and Po liti cal Involvement in the Rus sian Far
East, 51.
- White, Siberian Intervention, 189.
- See Morley, Japa nese Thrust, 329–345 (Appendices B– G); and for business inter-
ests, see Lincoln, Conquest of a Continent, 305–306.
- White, Siberian Intervention, 173. For an exposition of Japan’s POV on her inter-
vention as a safeguard (and not expansion) for her continental possessions in Manchuria
and Korea, see Morley, Japa nese Thrust, 291–313.
- J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 132. Americans initially requested that Japan send
an army of approximately 9,000 soldiers. Japan sent 73,000, which was an explicit message
of her intentions.
- This parallels the belief of Sergei Witte regarding the importance of the Trans-
Siberian Railroad; see Steven G. Marks, Road to Power: The Trans- Siberian Railroad and the
Colonization of Asian Rus sia, 1850–1917 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1991).
- Mukden is the pres ent- day Shenyang, located on the (then) South Manchurian
Railway halfway between Harbin and Dalian (Dalny). Japan had controlled the South
Manchurian Railway since 1905 and the Treaty of Portsmouth.
- Bisher, W h i te Te r r o r, 150.
- Regarding the railway treaty, see Far Eastern Republic, Japa nese Intervention in
the Rus sian Far East, 115. Throughout this text FER refers to Far Eastern Republic.
- Burds, “The Soviet War against ‘Fifth Columnists,’ ” 275.
- J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 78, and Bisher, W h i te Te r r o r, 58.
- Ibid. Regarding the Russian- language schools in Manchuria, see White, Siberian
Intervention, 157, and Kotani, Japa nese Intelligence in World War II, 26.
