Notes to Pages 76–82 217
est and taiga. Nonetheless, they cleared the land and established the Kolkhoz Red Star. See
Bugai and Pak, 14 0 let, 217.
- GAKhK f. P-2, op. 1, d. 112, l. 8.
- Ibid., ll. 9–10.
- GARF f. 3316, o. 64, d. 1078, l. 76.
- Ibid., ll. 76–77.
- Ibid., ll. 40–41.
- Ibid., ll. 30–31.
- Ibid., l. 76.
- Il He, Interview by Jon Chang, Kolkhoz Politotdel, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,
April 23, 2010. Of the social plight of the Chinese, Stephan wrote, “In Vladivostok, the
Chinese were mimicked, muddied and mulcted. Such hooliganism was publicly deplored,
but officially winked at.” See J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 74.
- The caveat is that Soviet culture was never deracinated from its Rus sian
foundations.
- See Chapter 6, Latinization for the willingness of Soviet Koreans to repress one
another in order to achieve the “plan”— that is, the targeted goals or numbers for that par-
tic u lar campaign, committee, proj ect, and so on.
CHAPTER 5 : KOREANS BECOMING A SOVIET PEOPLE, 1923 – 1930
- Note that GPU merged with the OGPU in 1923. Both refer to the po liti cal police.
In regard to the OGPU incriminating Stalin’s po liti cal opponents, see Bazhanov, Bazhanov
and the Damnation of Stalin, 22–23. For OGPU agents in the vari ous local and regional con-
trol commissions, see Ulam, Stalin, 214, 259, 266. Regarding Stalin’s control of the OGPU
in the 1920s through Menzhinskii, see Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen, 108–150. Rayfield
(111) states: “Without Menzhinsky’s shrewdness, Stalin could not have in the 1920s defeated
his enemies abroad and at home; without Menzhinsky’s ruthlessness, Stalin could not have
pushed through collectivization in 1929,... Stalin and Menzhinsky had a real affinity.”
- Trotsky was born Bronstein (surname); Zinoviev was born Radomyslskii; Ka-
menev was born Rozenfeld; and Stalin was born Iosif Dzhugashvili.
- Ulam, Stalin, 19. Stalin did not teach his children (second marriage) even rudi-
mentary “kitchen Georgian.” See Jonathan Lewis and Phillip Whitehead, Stalin: A Time
for Judgement (New York: Pantheon Books, 1990), 9, which states: “Svetlana only met her
grand mo ther once, when she was eight, in 1934: ‘We didn’t speak Georgian, she didn’t
speak Rus s ian.... And she was stretching [handing] on a plate some candies to us. And
that was the only communication between us which was pos si ble.’ ”
- Khazanov, After the USSR, 17.
- See Voslensky, Nomenklatura, 230–238, and Gregory, Terror by Quota, 72 –73. Vo-
slensky quotes Stalin’s daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, regarding the extreme wealth of the
nomenklatura and the vast state sums spent on Stalin, his provisions, accommodations, etc.
- Mogilner, Homo imperii, 493–494.
- Hoffman, Stalinist Values, 1–4, and Martin, Affirmative Action Empire, 270–272.
- Hoffman, Stalinist Values, 1–99.
- Ibid., 65, 161–163; and Timasheff, The Great Retreat, 151–191.
- Timasheff, The Great Retreat, 227–228. The “abstract man” was the thinker, revolu-
tionary, phi l os o pher, and person who understood vari ous po liti cal ideologies such as socialism.
