Notes to Pages 12–16
(BOA)], Istanbul, A.MKT.UM 572 / 1 , cited in Şişman, “A Jewish Messiah in
the Ottoman Court,” 366. The translation is my own. “If a Dünméh girl be
led astray by an outsider, no effort is spared to recover the erring one, who, it
is said, is tried, condemned, and executed for her sin by a secret tribunal of her
own people,” writes Lucy Garnett, The Women of Turkey, and Their Folk-lore
(London: David Nutt, 1890 ), 104 – 5. She also mentions the windowless meeting
houses of the group.
57. Slousch, “Deunmeh,” 493 , would also claim each group had its own sepa-
rate law court.
58. On the opinions of the British Protestant missionary Benjamin Barker,
who wrote about the Dönme in 1827 and again in 1847 , and to whom these
opinions are attributed, see Esra Danacıogˇlu, “Selânik Yahudileri ve Dönmeler
hakkında 3 mektup,” Toplumsal Tarih 4 (April 1994 ): 26 – 28.
59. Kaufmann Kohler and Richard Gottheil, “Dönmeh,” Jewish Encyclopaedia
(New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1901 – 6 ), 2 : 639. Also at http://www.jewishencyclopedia.
com/view.jsp?artid= 438 &letter=D (accessed March 20 , 2009 ).
60. Joseph Jacobs, Studies in Jewish Statistics: Social, Vital, and Anthropometric
(London: David Nutt, 1891 ), ii, quoted in John M. Efron, Defenders of the Race:
Jewish Doctors & Race Science in Fin-de-Siècle Europe (New Haven: Yale Univer-
sity Press, 1994 ), 90.
61. Vatan, January 19 , 1924 , 1.
62. Mark Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Jews, and Muslims,
1430 – 1950 (New York: Vintage Books, 2006 ), 59.
63. On the Dönme religious calendar, see Şişman, “A Jewish Messiah at the
Ottoman Court,” 345 – 57.
64. Matt Goldish, “Varieties of Deviance Among Early Modern Ottoman
Jews” (paper presented at “Jewish Religion in Ottoman Lands,” August 21 – 22 ,
2007 , Indiana University, Bloomington).
65. Ben-Tzevi, “Preface,” 71 n 12.
66. Julie Cohen, personal communication, spring 2008.
67. Summarized in Joseph Nehama, Histoire des Israélites de Salonique (Thes-
saloníki: Molho, 1935 – 78 ), 5 : 73.
68. See Stavro Skendi, “Crypto-Christianity in the Balkan Area under the
Ottomans,” Slavic Review 26 ( 1967 ): 227 – 46.
69. Jacobs, Hidden Heritage, 4.
70. Maurus Reinkowski, “Hidden Believers, Hidden Apostates: The Phe-
nomenon of Crypto-Jews and Crypto-Christians in the Middle East,” in Con-
verting Cultures: Religion, Ideology and Transformations of Modernity, ed. Dennis
Washburn and A. Kevin Reinhart (Boston: Brill, 2007 ), 413.
71. Jean-Paul Sartre, Anti-Semite and Jew, trans. George Becker (New York:
Schocken Books, 1976 ), 143 , quoted in Ella Shohat, “Post-Fanon and the Colo-