Notes to Pages 127–143 1919 ), 4 ; further page numbers from this publication are given parenthetically
in the text.
61. On Evrenos Ghazi, see Cemal Kafadar, Between Two Worlds: The Construc-
tion of the Ottoman State (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995 ), 74 , and
Heath Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State (Albany, NY: State Univer-
sity of New York Press, 2003 ), 56 – 61.
62. Scholem, “Sprouting of the Horn of the Son of David,” 384. That there
were no beggars among them due to their practice of mutual assistance is also
noted in Leskovikli Mehmet Rauf, İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti ne idi? 86 – 87.
63. Eyal Ginio, “Port Cities as an Imagined Battlefield: The Boycott of 1913 ”
(paper presented at the Eighth Mediterranean Social and Political Research
Meeting, Florence and Montecatini Terme, March, 21 – 25 2007 , organized by
the Mediterranean Programme of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced
Studies at the European University Institute).
64. Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, 254.
65. Ahmet Refik Altınay, İki komite, iki kıtal (Istanbul: n.p., 1919 ), 14 , 19 , 60.
Chapter 6
- Kemal Arı, Büyük mübadele: Türkiye’ye zorunlu göç, 1923 – 1925 ( 1995 ), 4 th
ed. (Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 2007 ), 165. - Rıza Nur, Hayat ve hatıratım ( 1929 ; Turkish transl., Istanbul: Altındagˇ
Yayınevi, 1968 ), 3 : 928. Nahum was one of the last Ottoman chief rabbis, serving
between 1909 and 1920. Two years after the Lausanne Conference, Nahum left
Turkey for Egypt, where he became the chief rabbi of Cairo and served in that
position until his death in 1960. - Yalman, Turkey in My Time, 134 – 35.
- Nur, Hayat ve hatıratım, 3 : 1081.
- Ibid.
- Pakalın, “Dönme,” 474.
- Garnett, Women of Turkey, 108.
- See Kader Konuk, “Eternal Guests, Mimics, and Dönme: The Place of Ger-
man and Turkish Jews in Modern Turkey,” New Perspectives on Turkey 37 ( 2007 ):
5 – 30. The Dönme threat is thus similar to that perceived of converts to Christi-
anity in colonial India, or converts to Islam in independent India. Gauri Viswa-
nathan Outside the Fold: Conversion, Modernity, and Belief (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1998 ), 87. - Quoted in Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, 327.
- See Zürcher, Turkey, 167 – 70 ; and Lewis, Emergence of Modern Turkey,
254 – 56. - Faroqhi, “Selānīk,” 125.