Notes to Pages 249–252 “Meşru vatandaşlık, gayri meşru kimlik?” 21 – 22. For an example of anti-Dönme
writing, where the author conflates “Jewish” with “Dönme” and employs antise-
mitic rhetoric throughout, see Mehmet Şevket Eygi, İki kimlikli, gizli, esrarlı ve çok
güçlü bir cemaat: Yahudi Türkler yahut Sabetaycılar (Istanbul: Zvi-Geyik, 2000 ).
17. Ahmet Yıldız, Ne mutlu Türküm diyebilene: Türk ulusal kimligˇinin etno-
seküler sınırları ( 1919 – 1938 ) (Istanbul: İletişim, 2001 ), 16 – 18 ; Zürcher, Turkey,
198 – 99.
18. “About the ‘Mohammedan Greeks’!” Turkey, no. 2 , March 1921 , 6 , cited in
Hans-Lukas Kieser, “An Ethno-Nationalist Revolutionary and Theorist of Ke-
malism: Dr. Mahmut Esat Bozkurt, 1892 – 1943 ” in Turkey Beyond Nationalism,
ed. id., 23.
19. İsmet İnönü in Vakit, April 27 , 1925 , cited in Füsun Üstel, İmparatorluk’tan
ulus-devlete Türk milliyetçiligˇi Türk ocakları, 1912 – 31 (Istanbul: İletişim, 1997 ),
173 , and in Bali, “Politics of Turkification,” in Turkey Beyond Nationalism, ed.
Kieser, 44.
20. Mahmut Esat in Son Posta, September 20 , 1930 , cited in Şaduman Halıcı,
Yeni Türkiye’de devletin yapılmasında Mahmut Esat Bozkurt ( 1892 – 1943 ) (Ankara:
Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, 2004 ), 348 , and in Kieser, “An Ethno-Nationalist
Revolutionary and Theorist of Kemalism,” 25.
21. “Masonluk meselesi, sabık adliye vekili Mahmut Esat Beyin Masonlara
cevabı I,” Anadolu, October 18 , 1931 , cited in Hakkı Uyar, “Sol milliyetçi” bir
Türk aydını Mahmut Esat Bozkurt ( 1892 – 1943 ) (Ankara: Büke, 2000 ), 72 , and in
Kieser, “An Ethno-Nationalist Revolutionary and Theorist of Kemalism,” 27.
22. See Ahmet Almaz and Pelin Batu, Geçmişten günümüze Yahudilik tarihi
(İstanbul: Nokta, 2007 ); and Eygi, Yahudi Türkler yahut Sabetaycılar.
23. Van der Veer, Imperial Encounters, 21.
24. Valensi, “Conversion, intégration, exclusion,” 180 – 81.
25. Derek R. Peterson and Darren R. Walhof, “Rethinking Religion,” in
The Invention of Religion: Rethinking Belief in Politics and History, ed. id. (New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002 ), 8.
26. See the presentation of this model in Richard Eaton, The Rise of Islam and
the Bengal Frontier, 1204 – 1760 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993 ),
269 – 90.
27. Reinkowski, “Hidden Believers, Hidden Apostates,” 427.
28. Nissimi, Crypto-Jewish Mashhadis, 37.
29. Hertz, How Jews Became Germans, 193.
30. See Esra Özyürek, “Convert Alert: German Muslims and Turkish Chris-
tians as Threats to Security in the New Europe,” Comparative Studies in Society
& History 51 , no. 1 (January 2009 ): 91 – 116.
31. Baskın Oran, “The Story of Those Who Stayed: Lessons from Articles 1
and 2 of the 1923 Convention,” in Crossing the Aegean, ed. Hirschon, 110.